A group of parts that work together as a whole.

The ability to do work or cause change.

The relatively thin layer of gases that form Earth's outermost layer.

The densest parts of the Earth that include the crust, mantle, and core.

The portion of the Earth that consists of water in any of its forms, including oceans, glaciers, rivers, lakes, groundwater and water vapor.

The parts of Earth that contain living organisms.

Any natural process that builds up Earth's surface.

Any natural process that tears down or wears away Earth's surface.

Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake.

the force pushing on a surface divided by area of that surface.

The layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface.

A dark, dense, igneous rock with fine texture, found in oceanic crust.

A usually light-colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust.

The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.

A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.

the soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats.

A layer of molten iron or nickel that surrounds the inner core or Earth.

A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of the Earth.

The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.

The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of liquid.

1.)The transfer of thermal energy from one particle of matter to another. 2.) A method of charging an object by allowing electrons to flow from one object to another object through direct contact.

The ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume (mass divided by volume).

The movement of a fluid, caused, by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another.

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Earth's Structure

Chapter 1 Lessons 1-3

Term	Definition
System	A group of parts that work together as a whole.
Energy	The ability to do work or cause change.
Atmosphere	The relatively thin layer of gases that form Earth's outermost layer.
Geosphere	The densest parts of the Earth that include the crust, mantle, and core.
Hydrosphere	The portion of the Earth that consists of water in any of its forms, including oceans, glaciers, rivers, lakes, groundwater and water vapor.
Biosphere	The parts of Earth that contain living organisms.
Constructive Force	Any natural process that builds up Earth's surface.
Destructive Force	Any natural process that tears down or wears away Earth's surface.
Seismic Wave	Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake.
Pressure	the force pushing on a surface divided by area of that surface.
Crust	The layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface.
Basalt	A dark, dense, igneous rock with fine texture, found in oceanic crust.
Granite	A usually light-colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust.
Mantle	The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.
Lithoshpere	A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.
Asthenosphere	the soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats.
Outer Core	A layer of molten iron or nickel that surrounds the inner core or Earth.
Inner Core	A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of the Earth.
Radiation	The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
Convection	The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of liquid.
Conduction	1.)The transfer of thermal energy from one particle of matter to another. 2.) A method of charging an object by allowing electrons to flow from one object to another object through direct contact.
Density	The ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume (mass divided by volume).
Convection Current	The movement of a fluid, caused, by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another.

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