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EES 2.1

TermDefinition
Thermal Describes processes or properties involving heat energy.
Mantle The layer of Earth between the crust and the outer core.
Continental drift The theory that continents move over time
Seismic waves Waves of energy that travel through Earth's layers
Geosphere The solid part of the Earth
Outer core A liquid layer of iron and nickel within Earth.
Transform boundary A boundary where tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally.
Unstable isotopes Atoms with an unstable nucleus that decays over time.
Earthquakes Sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates.
Richter Scale A scale used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake
Volcanism The process of volcanoes erupting and releasing materials
Seafloor spreading The process by which new oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges.
S (seismic) waves Secondary seismic waves that can only travel through solids.
Support for Wegener's proposed theory Evidence such as matching fossils, rock formations, and continental shapes.
Ridge A long, narrow elevated section of the seafloor
isotope a form of a chemical element where the atoms have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in their nuclei.
Convection Heat transfer through the movement of a fluid (liquid or gas).
Asthenosphere The upper part of the Earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, where rock can flow slowly.
Pangea A supercontinent that existed millions of years ago.
Fossil The preserved remains or traces of a prehistoric organism.
Density A measure of mass per unit of volume.
Divergent boundary A tectonic plate boundary where plates move away from each other.
Subduction The process where one tectonic plate moves under another.
Mantle convection The process by which heat is transferred through the mantle, driving plate tectonics.
Tsunamis Large ocean waves typically caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
Fault lines Fractures in the Earth's crust where movement has occurred
Lava Molten rock that has erupted onto the Earth's surface.
Ductile The ability of a material to deform under stress without breaking.
Magnitude A measure of the energy released during an earthquake.
Trench A long, deep depression in the ocean floor, often at a subduction zone.
Plume An upwelling of hot rock from deep within the Earth's mantle.
Half-life The time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay.
Thermal convection The transfer of heat by the circulation or movement of a heated fluid.
Tectonic plates Large, moving slabs of the Earth's lithosphere.
Radioactivity The spontaneous emission of radiation from unstable atomic nuclei.
Radioactive decay The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation.
Inner core The Earth's innermost part, believed to be a solid sphere of iron and nickel.
Convergent boundary A tectonic plate boundary where plates collide.
Rock cycle The continuous process by which rocks are created, changed, and destroyed.
Mountain formation The geological processes that form mountains and mountain ranges.
Seismograph An instrument used to detect and record seismic waves
Epicenter The point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
Magma Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface
P (seismic) waves The fastest type of seismic wave, which can travel through solids, liquids, and gases
Slab-pull A mechanism of plate tectonics where the dense, sinking oceanic lithosphere pulls the rest of the plate behind it
Rift A linear zone where the Earth's crust is being pulled apart and is subsiding
Alfred Wegener German meteorologist and geophysicist who developed the theory of continental drift
Created by: user-1996983
 

 



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