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Journalism Media/Law
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Congress shall make no law respecting a place of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or press; or the right of the people peaceably assemble, and to petition the Government fora redress grievances” | First Amendment |
| Source understands that his or her name and the information WILL BE published | On the record |
| Copying the work of others and passing it off as your own | plagiarism |
| Made up [whether quotes, sources, complete articles...anything] | fabrication |
| Mayors, senators, and the president [these are examples of...] | public officials |
| Rock stars, athletes, and actors [these are examples of...] | public figures |
| An unwelcome intrusion on a person’s solitude or personal affairs [hint: there are four types of this] | Invasion of privacy |
| Laws that protect journalists | Shield laws |
| You [and your publication] gain this by consistently being right and seeking truth | credability |
| Having an inner sense of knowing right from wrong and adhering to high principles or professional standards | Intergrity |
| Freedom of Information [FOI] laws are also called these | Sunshine Laws |
| Sources in a story who are NOT identified to the readers are called these; use them SPARINGLY! | Anonymous sources |
| Being objective, putting aside personal opinions and not accepting gifts or anything that would compromise a story. | Impartial |
| Don’t accept gifts; the sources may be trying to____________ you and your story. | Influence |
| Moral principles that govern the appropriate conduct for individuals and organizations. | Ethics |
| The First Amendment allows me to say, do, and/or publish anything I want at any time. | False |
| It is completely acceptable to assume/speculate [meaning: guess] if information is correct in a story; you can always run a correction if the information is incorrect. | False |
| If you find that a story is critical of someone, you should permit the person to respond to the criticism in the same story. This is called being “objective” and presenting all sides. | True |
| Printing someone's ACT score is OK in a high school newspaper | False |
| Never fake anything in a story | True |
| Ethics exists to drive journalists to the truth | True |
| It is okay to accept gifts, favors, fees, etc., from someone you are interviewing for a story. | False |
| For libel to have occurred, you must have published a false statement that harms a specific individual. | True |
| The student press doesn't have to follow libel law | False |
| When an elected public official or a celebrity claims they have been libeled, they have MORE of a burden of proof than a private citizen suing for libel. | True |
| According to the Tinker decision, students have NO limitations in terms of what they may run | False |
| The Hazelwood case took away some student press right that were gained in TInker | True |
| It is not enough to attribute [meaning: give credit to] a photo, a piece of art, or music to the source; you must also have permission from the copyright owner before you can publish it, unless it follows “fair use.” | True |
| "Fair use" covers parodies of copyrighted material | True |
| A student's disciplinary records may be published in any news venue | False |
| False Light is NOT recognized in all states | True |
| Both of these are legal defenses in TWO of the THREE types of an invasion of privacy lawsuit: 1) consent was given; 2) newsworthiness [public’s right to know] outweighs the individual’s right to privacy | True |
| Treat colleagues, the public and your sources fairly and respectfully | True |
| A journalist's CREDIBILITY is important for the journalist to be believed and respected | True |
| Public officials and public figures have a more difficult time proving libel because they “live” in the media and/or have their salaries paid by taxpayers. | True |
| News bloggers [aka “online journalists”] should follow the same ethical standards as print and broadcast journalism. | True |
| If you always do what a reasonable reporter should do [and don’t do what a reasonable reporter wouldn't do], you will never be successfully sued for libel!!! | True |
| Never publish a story if you doubt its truth | True |
| Certain details about people, even though true, may be "off limits" to the press and public —even if it’s true. | True |
| In order to prove “Intrusion” [one of the types of invasion of privacy] under media law, publication of the material is required. | False |
| The only defense when accused of misappropriation is consent | True |
| The Freedom of Information Law applies to government documents | True |
| Invasion of privacy has four types AND is one of the Unprotected Nine | True |
| In Tinker, the Supreme Court said “students do not shed their Constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gates...” | True |
| The Hazelwood decision does NOT apply in a situation where a school newspaper has, either by policy or practice, been operating as a student-run organization. | True |
| The court case that ruled that prior restraint of student journalists was illegal unless the material to be censored was libelous, obscene, and invasion of privacy, or "materially and substantially" disruptive of the school was | Tinker v.s Des Moines (1969) |
| What promoted the Hazelwood case | School administration pulled (censored) a series of articles on teenage pregnancy, divorce, etc. from the newspaper prior to publication |
| The "fair use" clause under copyright law allows... | 1. Reporters to criticize copyrighted work 2. Artist to parody copyrighted work 3. Teachers to make copies for educational use |
| The Tinker siblings were protesting which conflict? | Vietnam |
| The optical center of an ad is located where? | 2/3 up from the bottom of the ad |
| What is the purpose of white space in an ad? | Helps direct the readers eye through elements on an ad (headline, art, body copy, etc.) |
| What does it mean if an ad looks "busy" | Not enough white space; too many elements- making it distracting |
| Statements that describe that value of a product (usually by a celebrity) are called what? | Testimonial |
| A call-to-action is what | Tells the reader where/how to buy the products (website, Phone number, address, etc) |
| what is the difference between libel and slander | libel is the publication of defamatory statements slander refers to the spoken conversion of defamation |
| can a group of people be libeled | no however based on the number of people an individual may be able to prove that their identity has been defamed |
| Who would qualify as a public figure | -a celebrity (house-hold name) -a limited purpose public figure-someone who has voluntarily assumed a role in a specific public controversy |
| what is the standard of proof in a libel case for a private person | Negligence |
| what are the three basic defenses of publication can use if they are sued for libel | consent, truth, and privilege |
| if a source gives you a quote that includes a defamatory statement about a third party are you as the publication liable for libel | yes fault falls upon the reporter/publication |
| could a defamatory tweet on your Publications Twitter account qualify as libel | yes not limited to something being formally published |
| what is the definition of libel | libel, is any false published or broadcast information that subjects a person to hatred or ridicule or damages one's reputation or earning power |
| what are the four elements that a plaintiff must prove in a libel case | publication, identification, harm, and fault |
| Who would qualify as a public official | someone who has a substantial responsibility for or control over public affairs |
| what is the standard of proof in a libel case for a public official or public figure | Actual Malice |
| why are there two different standards of proof based on the status of the plaintiff | standards of proof is higher for public officials in figure since they are frequently involved in public matters that the press needs to cover as part of their job description |
| if someone can only prove three parts of four libel elements can they be sued for libel | no all four parts are needed |
| can qualifiers like "in my opinion..." or "alleged" protects you from libel | not necessarily it depends on whether it is possible to actually prove that the statement is false or not |
| if you attempt to cover up a subject's identity and end up unintentionally describing another person can that third party sue for libel | possibly, if the process you end up using a description that resembles another party they would have a reasonable right to complain |
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