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W2-Behavior/Speed
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reflection | When a wave BOUNCES off a surface. (Think: mirror bounce) |
| Refraction | When a wave BENDS because it enters a new medium. (Hint: air → water) |
| Absorption | When a material TAKES IN wave energy. (Think: black shirt absorbs heat) |
| Transmission | When a wave PASSES THROUGH a medium. (Hint: clear window) |
| Diffraction | When waves SPREAD OUT after passing through an opening or around a barrier. |
| Sound Speed Pattern Across States | Sound is slowest in gases, faster in liquids, and fastest in solids. (Think: far → medium → close particles) |
| Why Sound Is Fastest in Solids | Solid particles are closest, so vibrations pass quickly. (Think: tightly packed hallway) |
| Why Sound Is Slowest in Gases | Gas particles are far apart, so vibrations take longer to transfer. |
| Light Speed Pattern | Light travels fastest in air and slowest in denser materials like water and glass. |
| Why Light Slows in Dense Materials | More particles = more interactions = slower light. (Think: running through a crowd) |
| Inertia | Inertia is resistance to being moved or vibrated. (Think: heavy backpack is harder to push) |
| How Inertia Affects Sound | More inertia = slower vibration = slower sound speed. (Use: CO₂ vs helium) |
| Why Inertia Doesn’t Affect Light | Light doesn’t rely on particle vibrations — it’s electromagnetic. |
| Density and Sound Speed Across States | When density increases from gas → liquid → solid, sound speed increases. (Because particles get closer) |
| Density and Light Speed | As density increases, light slows down. (Opposite pattern of sound) |
| Helium vs Carbon Dioxide Sound Speed | Helium is faster because it has LOW inertia. CO₂ is slower because it has HIGH inertia. |
| Steel Sound Speed | Steel is extremely fast for sound because particles are tightly packed, even though steel has high inertia. |
| What Happens When Light Enters Water | Light slows down AND bends toward the normal. (Hint: pencil in a cup looks bent) |
| What Happens When Sound Enters a Solid | Sound speeds up because solid particles are closer. |
| Neon Sound Speed | Neon carries sound faster than air because its particles vibrate more easily. (Lower inertia) |
| Saltwater vs Freshwater Sound Speed | Saltwater is slightly denser, so it carries sound faster. |
| Most Important Factor for Sound Across States | Particle spacing (gas far apart, solids close together) |
| Most Important Factor for Sound Within One State | Inertia — more inertia = slower vibrations. |
| Most Important Factor for Light Speed | The material’s density. |
| Gas Density | Very low density with particles spread far apart. (Examples: helium, air) |
| Liquid Density | Medium density with particles closer together. (Examples: water, oil) |
| Solid Density | High density with tightly packed particles. (Examples: glass, steel) |
| Why Steel Is Fast for Sound | Tightly packed particles transfer vibrations quickly, even with high inertia. |
| Why CO₂ Slows Sound | CO₂ has high inertia, so its particles vibrate slowly. |
| Definition of Density | How much mass is packed into a certain amount of space. (Think: heavy vs light objects) |
| High-Density Example | Steel or glass — heavy for their size. |
| Low-Density Example | Air or helium — very light for their size. |
| Light Behavior When Speed Changes | If light speeds up or slows down, it bends. (Refraction) |
| Sound Behavior When Speed Changes | Sound changes wavelength, not direction. (Think: longer or shorter waves) |
Created by:
user-1962177