Compounds with the empirical formula (CH2O)n; involved in energy storage and structural functions. They include sugars, starches, and fibers found in foods.

A broader term that includes carbohydrates and all their derivatives. Saccharides can be simple sugars or complex molecules.

Typically refers to simple carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides and small oligosaccharides like sucrose, which is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose.

The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules like glucose, typically containing three to nine carbon atoms.

Long chains of monosaccharide units, such as starch or glycogen, which can be linear or branched.

Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates formed by linking a small number of monosaccharide units, typically ranging from two to ten

Another term for oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, referring to carbohydrates that are composed of multiple sugar units.

(CH2O)n n=2, acetaldehyde, not a sugar and is toxic

contains an aldehyde group (-CHO) at the first carbon (C1).; It is a chiral molecule

contains ketone group (C=O) at the second carbon (C2), it is not chiral.

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Biochemistry Final

Term	Definition
Carbohydrate	Compounds with the empirical formula (CH2O)n; involved in energy storage and structural functions. They include sugars, starches, and fibers found in foods.
Saccharide	A broader term that includes carbohydrates and all their derivatives. Saccharides can be simple sugars or complex molecules.
Sugar	Typically refers to simple carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides and small oligosaccharides like sucrose, which is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose.
Monosaccharide	The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules like glucose, typically containing three to nine carbon atoms.
Polysaccharide	Long chains of monosaccharide units, such as starch or glycogen, which can be linear or branched.
Oligosaccharide	Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates formed by linking a small number of monosaccharide units, typically ranging from two to ten
Glycan	Another term for oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, referring to carbohydrates that are composed of multiple sugar units.
formaldehyde	(CH2O)n n=1 , poisonous
acetaldehyde	(CH2O)n n=2, acetaldehyde, not a sugar and is toxic
Glyceraldehyde	contains an aldehyde group (-CHO) at the first carbon (C1).; It is a chiral molecule
Dihydroxyacetone	contains ketone group (C=O) at the second carbon (C2), it is not chiral.

Created by: user-2003596

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