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Waste Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is national sword? | China's ban on foreign recyclables (imports) |
| What is the best thing a person could do for recycling outside of advocating for better design? | Cleaning your recycling |
| Does the US have a national recycling program? | No |
| Why do so many recycling facilities refuse to take American recyclables? | Our recyclables are too dirty |
| What was Keep America Beautiful and how did it harm recycling? | An industry lobbying group (Pepsi, Coke) that put the pressure of recycling on consumers rather than corporations |
| What is a waste stream? | The way in which our consumption is linked to the steady flow of materials from upstream processes and downstream processes |
| What is life cycle assessment? | Accounting for the environmental impacts of all the steps involved in making, distributing, using, and ultimately disposing of the product |
| What is an open dump? | Uncovered, openly accessible, uncontrolled piles |
| What is combustion? | Incineration, burning waste |
| What is isolation? | Waste segregated from significant contact with humans and wider environments |
| What is conversion? | Waste is changed to something else, most often harnessing heat from combustion to produce electricity |
| What is the waste trade? | National and international “trade” of waste that can send waste far from where it was produced |
| What is municipal solid waste (MSW) | Waste we drag to the curb |
| What is the upstream in the waste stream? | Extraction, production, and distribution |
| What is the downstream in the waste stream? | Disposal |
| What is are two forms of isolation? | Sanitary Landfill and Geologic Disposal |
| What is a sanitary landfill? | Disposal site that isolates and contains waste, manages its contents, and treats liquid and gas releases |
| What is geologic disposal? | Injecting or placing waste in the rock or other natural formation beneath earth’s surface |
| What is solid waste? | All discarded material in solid, liquid, semisolid, or contained gaseous form |
| Solid waste is not what? | Not just waste at the end of the stream that we deposit into landfills |
| What is leachate? | A foul-smelling soupy liquid that forms when rainwater or groundwater mixed with decomposing waste at the dump |
| What is the downside of combustion? | Significant CO2 emissions |
| What did the Basel Convention do? | Requires notice and consent from waste importing countries and Prohibits export when exporting country believes waste will not be disposed of in an environmentally sound manner |
| What is something that still happens despite the Basel Convention? | Waste shipments often find their way into open dumps in the developed world |
| What is recycling? | Redefining waste as resources for new products |
| What is primary recycling? | Processing something into the same sort of thing they originally were |
| What is secondary recycling? | Conversion into new product |
| What is an example of primary recycling? | Aluminum cans turned into aluminum cans |
| What is an example of secondary recycling? | Plastic bottle into fleece jacket material |
| What are some environmental impacts of open dumps? | Leachate and polluting gases like methane and CO2 (can create chloroform) |
| What is a challenge with sanitary landfills? | Leachate can still escape; greenhouse emissions |
| Why might plastic be harder to recycle? | Different polymer types have different processes and additives/different production types require more processing = expensive |
| What is the general trend of US recycling rates? | Rates have increased from 6% to 35%; increasing |
| How did trash barges impact the way we see our trash? | The trash barges caused people to see just how much trash we were truly throwing away/shipping elsewhere |
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