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AP Exam 2

QuestionAnswer
Keratinized hair purpose protection, sensory input, & thermoregulation
Cyanosis When blood O2 levels are low; low hemoglobin -> deoxygenated
Meissner Corpuscle respond to light touch
Lamellar Corpuscle respond to vibration & pressure
Melanin Pigment brown - black
Carotene Pigment yellow - orange
Carotene Produced in Stratum corneum & Hypodermis
Hemoglobin Pigment red - pink
Sebum Sebaceous gland produced; hydrates & waterproof skin
Vit D Synthesis needed for Ca++ production for bone health
Vit D defiency Malnutrition lead to hypocalcemia
Vit D defiency low Ca++ absorption
Hypocalcemia trigger PTH; thinning of bone
Epiphyseal plate Bone growth in length
Epiphyseal line bone replaces hyaline cartilage when growth stops
Body Temp Meccrine glands & vasoconstriction/dilation of blood vessels in dermis
3rd degree burn loss of barrier lead to fluid loss & temp imbalance; shock
2nd degree burn Blisters (plasma leaks between layers)
Growth Hormone Promote osteoblast act, cell division, & collagen formation
Osteoporosis occurs more in women due to decreased estrogen after menopause, leading to less osteoblast activity
Hydroxyapatite crystals inorganic compounds; calcium & phosphate
Meniscus a fibrocartilage that cushioned between bones & absorb shock; C-shaped in knee
Terrible Triad Injury Tibial (medial) CL, medial meniscus, & ACL; produce instability & joint damage
Ligament connects bone to bone
Osteoarthritis "wear & tear" cartilage; breaks down w/ age
Acromegaly GH excess in adults
Acromegaly Bone thickens, enlargement of jaw, hands, & feet from increased osteoblast activity
Acromegaly coarse facial features, joint pain
Synchondroses Immovable hyaline cartilage; ex: epiphyseal line
Cartilage classifications synchondroses & symphyses
Fibrous CT (immovable) classifications sutures, syndesmoses (ulna & radius); & gomphoses (teeth & jaws)
Tendon connect muscle to bone
Rheumatoid arthritis auto-immune system; attacks synovial membrane; inflammation & deformity
Bursa between joint and skin, tendon, or muscles; fluid-filled sac
Bursitis overuse of joint
Intramembranous ossification produces trabeculae before compact bone
Testosterone increase osteoblast activity while decline osteoclast activity
Canaliculi sense stress and direct remodeling
Canaliculi allow nutrient exchange & waste removal
Sesamoids small & rounded; ex: patella
Increase osteoclasts Increase Ca++ absorption
Circumferential lamallae resist twisting forces on the entire bone
Stratum corneum touch protective barrier to prevent water loss, infection, & physical damage
Arrector Pili Muscle prevent heat loss; help tram warm layer of air
Skin water-binding purpose skin hydration, crack prevention, barrier function, & resilience against stretching
Thyroid Hormone makes osteoblasts build bone mass
Growth Hormone make growth plate grow
Heat regulation dermal blood vessels, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, & hypodermis insulation
Stratum Basale if damaged, stem cells are gone
Osteon gives strength and blood supply for Compact bones
Trabeculae thin & lightweight; for shock absorption & diffusion by nutrients in spongy bone
Periosteum include blood vessels for nutrients needed for bone healing
Osteocytes live inside lacunae; manage osteoclasts & osteoblasts for bone remodeling; sense stress/damage in bone
ACL prevent tibia from sliding forward & hyperextension
ACL commonly tear from sudden pivoting or excessive force on it
Syndesmosis held together by ligaments (bands of fibrous tissue)
Articular Capsule 2 layers CT that encloses synovial joint to protect & support it
Synovial Fluid reduce friction, nourish articular cartilage, carries nutrients & remove wastes, and absorb shock
Protraction moving bone forward
Retraction moving bone backward
Inversion moving foot inward
Eversion moving foot outward away from midline
Created by: FuirzH
 

 



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