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Bio 1107 Exam 3
Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ureter | carries urine from kidneys to bladder |
| urethra | carries urine from bladder to outside of the body |
| where is the renal cortex? | outer region of the kidney |
| where is the renal medulla? | inner region of the kidney |
| filtration | the forcing of fluids smaller than a certain size through a membrane of pressure |
| reabsorption | filtrate passes through the renal tubules/collecting ducts |
| Secretion | tubular secretion is the elimination of substances not filtered out in the glomerulus |
| glomerulus | capillary bed in which the capillaries are extremely porous |
| afferent arteriole | small blood vessel in kidney that delivers blood to glomerulus |
| efferent arteriole | small blood vessel that carries filtered blood away from the glomerulus |
| nephron | functional unit of the kidney |
| Proximal Convoluted Duct | reabsorbs essential substances from filtrate back into the bloodstream |
| Loop of Henle | concentrates urine, and conserves water |
| Distal Convoluted Tubule | fine tunes composition of urine |
| What is the glomerulus filtration rate and what is it tied closely to? | it is the amount of filtrate that forms in both kidneys every minute; tied closely to kidney function |
| micturition | is when urine is expelled from the urinary bladder |
| What is the internal and external sphincter? Which one is voluntary and which is involuntary? | muscles that control the release of stool from the rectum through the anus ; internal=voluntary ; external=involuntary |
| endocrine | ductless; secretions enter the extracellular fluid and diffuse into the blood |
| exocrine | secrete products into the ducts; secretions include mucus, perpetration, oil, wax, saliva, digestive enzymes |
| what does positive and negative feedback do? | maintain homeostasis |
| is positive or negative feedback more common? | negative |
| what is the messenger molecule of the endocrine system? | hormones |
| water soluble hormones | act on cell surface receptors (trigger fast) |
| lipid soluble hormones | enter cells and regulate gene expression for slower, long-lasting effects |
| what does the anterior pituitary secrete/produce | it secretes ACTH, TSH, GH, FSH, LH, and prolactin |
| what does the posterior pituitary secrete/produce | it secretes hormones produced by the hypothalamus |
| what does the thalamus secrete/produce | secretes thymosin, thymic humoral factor |
| what does the thyroid secrete/produce | T4, calocin, T3 |
| what does the adrenal gland secrete/produce | cortisol, aldosterone, adrenaline, norepinephrine, androgens |
| what does the pancreas secrete/produce | insulin, glucagon, and polypeptide |
| what does the testes/ovaries secrete/produce | testosterone/estrogen and progesterone |
| what does the hypothalamus secrete/produce | TRH, GnRH, CRH, GHRH, dopamine, and oxytocin |
| how are blood glucose levels regulated? | regulated by insulin and glucagon |
| what are the alpha and beta cells? | insulin=beta cells ; glucagon=alpha cells |
| What is the difference between type 1 diabetes and type 2? | type 1 is an autoimmune condition, type 2 is a metabolic disorder when your body doesn't produce enough insulin |
| Which hormones regulate calcium in the blood? | parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and calcitriol |
| What hormones regulate metabolic rate? | thyroid hormones, insulin, cortisol, and growth hormone |
| What hormones regulate stress? | epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol |
| What effect does cortisol have on the body? | helps regulate stress, metabolism, blood pressure, immune response, and sleep |
| what hormone regulates your sleep/wake cycle? | melatonin |
| acromegaly | excessive enlargement of bones and tissues (adults) |
| giantism | abnormal height and body size (children) |
| dwarfism | ? |
| What are the male gonads? | testes; produce sperm |
| What are the female gonads? | ovaries; produce eggs |
| Scutum | pouch of skin that protects the testes |
| vas deferens | sperm storage |
Created by:
boyergracie10