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Science Unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Qualitative | relating to, measuring, or measured by the quality of something rather than its quantity. |
| Quantitative | relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something rather than its quality. |
| Inorganic | not consisting of or deriving from living matter. |
| Weathering | the process of wearing or being worn by long exposure to the atmosphere. |
| Erosion | the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents. |
| Control Variable | an element or factor that is kept constant throughout a scientific experiment to prevent it from influencing the outcome of the study |
| Independent variable | a variable (often denoted by x ) whose variation does not depend on that of another. |
| Dependent variable | a variable (often denoted by y ) whose value depends on that of another. |
| Mineral | a solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence. |
| Renewable | of a natural resource or source of energy) not depleted when used. |
| Non-renewable | (of a natural resource or source of energy) existing in finite quantity; not capable of being replenished. |
| Arid | (of land or a climate) having little or no rain; too dry or barren to support vegetation. |
| Abundant | existing or available in large quantities; plentiful |
| Globalization | the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. |
| Depletion | reduction in the number or quantity of something. |
| Commodity | reduction in the number or quantity of something. |
| Extraction | the action of taking out something, especially using effort or force. |
| Reclamation | the process of claiming something back or of reasserting a right. |
| Elevation | the action or fact of elevating or being elevated. height above a given level, especially sea level. |
| Deposition | Materials build up in layers overtime, creating a foundation |
| Uplift | Land is pushed upward by forces inside the Earth, raising the layers of rock |
| Down Cut | River begins to carve through the raised rock, cutting deep into land |
| Latitude Lines are always ______ | Parallel |
| Latitude Lines measure degrees North and South of the what? | Equator |
| North Pole line | 90 degrees north |
| Equator line | 0 degrees |
| South pole line | 90 degrees south |
| Longitude lines meet at the | poles |
| Distance measure in.. | degrees east and west of the prime meridan |
| Prime Meridan Line | 0 degrees |
| International Date Line | 180 degrees |
| At poles, longitude lines _____ at points | coverge |
| There are 60 _____s in 1 degree | minutes |
| There are ____ seconds in 1 minute | 60 |
| What health concerns can watersheds pose? | Contaminated/polluted watersheds can get into fish and humans can consume the fish and get sick, or drink contaminated water |
| Law of superpostion | Geologic process stating the layers of rock are oldest on the bottom and younger as you go up towards Earth's surface |
| Principle of original horizontality | A geologic principle stating that sedimentary rock are deposited in horizontal layers due to gravity |
| Law of Cross-Cutting relatonships | Any geological feature that cuts across is younger than the feature it cuts |
| How is Gypsum formed? (this question is here just in case they ask for an example abt how a sediment is formed) | Gypsum is formed through the evaporation of water in marine or lacustrine (lake) environments, causing calcium sulfate to crystallize out of solution and accumulate in sedimentary beds |
| Why can some parts of the country experience water scarcity? | Because some parts of the U.S are not as wealthy, or their physical water supply is limited because of heat conditons |
| What is the relationship between River volume and water stress | Larger River Volume = Less water stress |
| Water Abundance | Having a healthy, stable amount of water |
| Physical water scarcity | Having a limited amount of physical water, running low |
| Economic Water scarcity | Not having enough money to supply water for the community |
| what is a watershed | a geographic area of land where all the rainwater, snow, and other surface water flows to a common outlet, such as a river, lake, or ocean. It can be thought of as a funnel that collects water |
| Water is not created or _____ | destroyed |
| Water changes form and ____ | location |
| When water reaches the ground it may ____ | infiltrate |
| What is permability | the ability of a material to allow fluids (liquids or gases) or magnetic fields to pass through it |
| What is porosity | The percentage of empty space between rocks or sedimenrs |
| An object that is considered highly permeable means that | it allows fluids (liquids or gases) to pass through it easily |
| Porosity will be less in a container with | poorly sorted particles or tightly packed materials |
| What is infiltration | how something enters something else |
| Why could infiltration be important when growing plants | Because when water enters soil it improves the quality of soil promoting better growth |
| Higher porosity means... | faster infiltration |
| faster infiltration means... | more erosion |
| What is weathering | the physical and chemical breakdown of rocks at out near Earth's surface |
| weathering occurs when rocks are exposed to... | air, water, or pressure changes or the actions of living things |
| two types of weathering | physical and chemical |
| what is physical weathering | the process of breaking down rocks into smaller fragments without changing their chemical composition, driven by mechanical forces like temperature changes, freeze-thaw cycles, and abrasion |
| what is chemical weathering | the process where rocks break down through chemical reactions, altering their minerals to form new substances like clay or soluble salts |
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