• Gastrointestinal Tract (GI)

a long, hollow tube in the body that extends from the mouth to the anus, where food is digested and nutrients and water are absorbed.

The mouth; where digestion begins with chewing and saliva.

The throat; a passageway for both food and air.

A flap of tissue that closes over the airway when you swallow so food doesn’t go into your lungs.

A muscular tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach using wave-like movements.

A muscular organ that churns food and mixes it with acid and enzymes to break it down.

A long, coiled tube where most digestion and nutrient absorption happens.

The first part of the small intestine; receives food from the stomach and mixes it with bile and enzymes.

The middle section of the small intestine; absorbs most nutrients.

The final part of the small intestine; absorbs remaining nutrients and transfers them to the large intestine.

A pouch-like section at the start of the large intestine; connects the ileum to the colon.

Absorbs water and forms solid waste (stool).

Moves waste upward on the right side of the body.

Carries waste across the body from right to left.

Moves waste downward on the left side.

S-shaped final section of the colon that stores stool before it enters the rectum.

The final part of the GI tract that stores stool until it's ready to be released.

The opening where stool leaves the body.

Produce saliva to start breaking down food and help with swallowing.

Break food into smaller pieces during chewing.

Helps move food while chewing and assists with swallowing and tasting.

The small piece of tissue hanging at the back of the throat; helps with speech and keeps food from entering the nasal passage.

Produces bile, which helps digest fats; also processes toxins and nutrients.

Produces digestive enzymes and releases insulin to control blood sugar.

A small pouch attached to the cecum; has immune system functions.

Controls the entry of food into the esophagus and prevents air from entering the stomach.

o Lower esophageal (Cardiac)

Prevents stomach acid from moving back up into the esophagus.

Controls the release of food from the stomach into the duodenum.

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digestion

Directional terms

Question	Answer
• Gastrointestinal Tract (GI)	a long, hollow tube in the body that extends from the mouth to the anus, where food is digested and nutrients and water are absorbed.
▪ Oral Cavity	The mouth; where digestion begins with chewing and saliva.
▪ Pharynx	The throat; a passageway for both food and air.
▪ Epiglottis	A flap of tissue that closes over the airway when you swallow so food doesn’t go into your lungs.
▪ Esophagus	A muscular tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach using wave-like movements.
▪ Stomach	A muscular organ that churns food and mixes it with acid and enzymes to break it down.
▪ Small Intestine	A long, coiled tube where most digestion and nutrient absorption happens.
• Duodenum	The first part of the small intestine; receives food from the stomach and mixes it with bile and enzymes.
• Jejunum	The middle section of the small intestine; absorbs most nutrients.
• Ileum	The final part of the small intestine; absorbs remaining nutrients and transfers them to the large intestine.
▪ Cecum	A pouch-like section at the start of the large intestine; connects the ileum to the colon.
▪ Large Intestine	Absorbs water and forms solid waste (stool).
• Ascending Colon	Moves waste upward on the right side of the body.
• Transverse Colon	Carries waste across the body from right to left.
• Descending Colon	Moves waste downward on the left side.
• Sigmoid Colon	S-shaped final section of the colon that stores stool before it enters the rectum.
▪ Rectum	The final part of the GI tract that stores stool until it's ready to be released.
▪ Anus	The opening where stool leaves the body.
o Salivary Glands	Produce saliva to start breaking down food and help with swallowing.
o Teeth	Break food into smaller pieces during chewing.
o Tongue	Helps move food while chewing and assists with swallowing and tasting.
o Uvula	The small piece of tissue hanging at the back of the throat; helps with speech and keeps food from entering the nasal passage.
o Liver	Produces bile, which helps digest fats; also processes toxins and nutrients.
o Pancreas	Produces digestive enzymes and releases insulin to control blood sugar.
o Appendix	A small pouch attached to the cecum; has immune system functions.
o Upper esophageal	Controls the entry of food into the esophagus and prevents air from entering the stomach.
o Lower esophageal (Cardiac)	Prevents stomach acid from moving back up into the esophagus.
o Pyloric	Controls the release of food from the stomach into the duodenum.

Created by: lmcole

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