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digestive system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Oral Cavity | The mouth; where food enters and is chewed and mixed with saliva. |
| Pharynx | The throat; moves food from the mouth to the esophagus |
| Epiglottis | A small flap that covers the airway when you swallow so food doesn’t go into your lungs. |
| Esophagus | A muscular tube that pushes food from the throat to the stomach. |
| Stomach | A muscular pouch that churns food and mixes it with acid to break it down. |
| Small Intestine | A long, coiled tube where most digestion and nutrient absorption happens. |
| Duodenum | The first part of the small intestine; breaks down food using enzymes. |
| Jejunum | The middle part; absorbs nutrients. |
| Ileum | The last part; absorbs remaining nutrients before food enters the large intestine. |
| Cecum | A pouch at the start of the large intestine. |
| Large Intestine (Colon) | Absorbs water and forms solid waste (stool). |
| Ascending Colon | Moves waste upward on the right side of the body. |
| Transverse Colon | Moves waste across the abdomen. |
| Descending Colon | Moves waste downward on the left side. |
| Sigmoid Colon | S-shaped section leading to the rectum. |
| Rectum | Stores stool until it is ready to leave the body. |
| Anus | The opening where stool exits the body. |
| Salivary Glands | Produce saliva to moisten food and start digestion. |
| Teeth | Break food into smaller pieces. |
| Tongue | Helps move food and assists in swallowing and tasting. |
| Uvula | The small soft piece hanging in the back of the throat; helps with swallowing and speech. |
| Liver | Produces bile, which helps break down fats. |
| Pancreas | Releases enzymes that help digest food and hormones that control blood sugar. |
| Appendix | A small tube attached to the cecum; its exact function isn’t totally clear but may help with gut bacteria. |
| Upper Esophageal Sphincter | Opens to let food from the throat into the esophagus. |
| Lower Esophageal (Cardiac) Sphincter | Opens to let food into the stomach and closes to stop acid from coming back up. |
| Pyloric Sphincter | Controls the release of food from the stomach into the small intestine. |