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GI terms

TermDefinition
Gastrointestinal relating to the stomach and the intestines.
Oral Cavity The mouth; where digestion begins through chewing and mixing food with saliva.
Pharynx The throat; passageway for food and air.
Epiglottis A flap of cartilage that closes over the airway when you swallow to keep food out of the trachea.
Esophagus A muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach via peristalsis.
Stomach A muscular, acidic organ that churns and breaks down food into chyme.
Small Intestine Main site of nutrient digestion and absorption.
Duodenum First section; receives chyme and digestive juices from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. mix
Jejunum Middle section; absorbs most nutrients. Break down
Ileum Final section; absorbs remaining nutrients, especially vitamin B12 and bile salts.
Cecum First part of the large intestine; receives material from the ileum.
Large Intestine (Colon) Absorbs water and forms faeces.
Ascending Colon Moves material upward on the right side.
Transverse Colon Moves material across the abdomen.
Descending Colon Moves material downward on the left side.
Sigmoid Colon S-shaped section leading to the rectum; stores faeces.
Rectum Stores faeces until elimination.
Anus Opening that releases waste from the body.
Salivary Glands Produce saliva containing enzymes that begin digestion.
Teeth Mechanically break down food.
Tongue Helps with chewing, swallowing, and taste.
Uvula Prevents food from entering the nasal cavity when swallowing.
Liver Produces bile, filters blood, and processes nutrients.
Pancreas Releases digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into the small intestine.
Appendix Small pouch near the cecum; may house helpful gut bacteria.
Upper Esophageal Sphincter Controls entry of food from pharynx to esophagus.
Lower Esophageal (Cardiac) Sphincter Prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus.
Pyloric Sphincter Regulates the movement of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum.
Created by: user-1898992
 

 



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