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Chapter 1-3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Metabolism | The sum of all chemical reactions in the body |
| Cellular Metabolism | The chemical reactions in a cell |
| Catabolism | Breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules to from ATP |
| Anabolism | Builds larger molecules, and requires ATP |
| Enzymes | They control the rate of metabolic reactions |
| How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions | They lower the activation energy |
| Cellular respiration | The process your cells use to turn glucose and oxygen into ATP |
| Most important product that comes from glycolysis, Krebs cycle, & electron transport chain | 2 ATP and CO2 |
| Glycolysis | Breaks down glucose (sugar) |
| Where does Glycolysis occur | In cytosol |
| Which of the three reactions involved in cellular respiration of glucose, which produces the most ATP | Electron Transport chain |
| Which reaction occurs in the mitochondria | Critic acid cycle and electron transport chain |
| What is the total of ATP molecules produced from the complete catabolism of 1 molecule of glucose | 32 ATP |
| Base pairing rule for DNA structure | Base pair only with specific partner |
| A | T |
| T | A |
| C | G |
| G | C |
| What do you call the process of making protein from mRNA | Translation |
| Where does making protein from mRNA happen | Moves out nucleus into cytoplasm |
| Gene | A single instruction |
| Genome | All the instructions |
| Transcription | Copies one gene from DNA to mRNA it happens so the cell can make protein. end result: mRNA not DNA |
| Replication | Makes full copy of DNA, happens before cell divides. end result 2 identical DNA molecule |
| Basic functions of connective tissues | Bind, support, protect, serve as framework, fill spaces, store fats, help repair tissue damage, protect against infection and produce blood cells |
| Simple squamous epithelium | Single layer of thin, flattened cell |
| Stratified squamous epithelium | Many cell layers flattened |
| Functions of simple squamous epithelium | Diffusion and filtration |
| Pseudostratified columnar epithelium | Appears layered but they are not |
| Simple columnar epithelium | Single layers of tall, rectangular cells. Absorption and secretion |
| Merocrine | Secrete by exocytosis |
| Holocrine | Release entire cells filled with product |
| What kind of connective tissue stores lipids and insulates the internal organs | Adipose |
| What kind of connective tissue is found in tendons and ligaments | Fibroblasts |
| What kind of fibers is fibroblast composed of | Collagen fibers |
| Fibrocartilage | Very tough and shock absorber in vertebral discs |
| Hyaline cartilage | Most common type found on the ends of bones in joints |
| Osteoblasts | Bone building cells that form new bone tissue |
| Osteocytes | Mature bone cells within bone matrix, acts as sensors to maintain bone health |
| Osteon | bone |
| What is the only connective tissue with a liquid matrix | Blood |
| What is the liquid matrix called | Plasma |
| What is an example of a "formed element" in blood | RBC's |
| What kind of membrane lines cavities that ultimately open to the outside of the body | Mucus membrane |
| Function of serous membrane | To secrete serous fluid |
| What fluid is located between layers of serous membrane | Serous fluid |
| What type of muscle fibers are straited | Skeletal muscles |
| Which type of muscle fibers contract involuntarily and are non-striated | Smooth muscles |
| Which type of striated muscle fibers contrast voluntarily | Multinucleated fibers |
| Where are smooth muscles located | In the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels |
| 2 types of cells found in central nervous system | Neurons and Neuroglia |
| How do macrophages defend against infection | Through phagocytosis |
Created by:
asavell