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Health Vocab
Ch 6-7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sexuality | A dimension of personality shaped by biological, psychosocial, and cultural forces and concerning all aspects of sexual behavior. |
| gonads | The primary reproductive organs that produce germ cells and sex hormones; the ovaries and testes |
| germ cells | Sperm and ova (eggs). |
| ovum | A germ cell produced by a female, which combines with a male germ cell (sperm) to create a fetus; plural,ova. Also called an egg. |
| sperm | A germ cell produced by a male, which combines with a female germ cell (ovum) to create a fetus. |
| intersex | A condition in which an individual is born with genitals that cannot easily be assigned to the category of male or female. |
| transgender | A term describing an individual whose genitals align with the category male or female, but who does not identify with the gender. |
| vulva | The external female genitals, or sex organs. |
| clitoris | The highly sensitive female genital structure, whose only function is for sexual pleasure. |
| prepuce | The foreskin of the clitoris or penis. |
| urethra | The duct that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. |
| vagina | The canal leading from the female genitals to the internal reproductive organs. Sometimes referred to as the birth canal |
| sexual intercourse | Sexual relations involving penetration of the genitals or anus; also called coitus; also making love |
| cervix | The opening of the uterus in the upper part of the vagina. |
| uterus | The hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ in which the fertilized egg develops and where menstrual blood collects each month. Sometimes called the womb |
| fallopian tube | A duct that guides a mature ovum from the ovary to the uterus; also called an oviduct. |
| ovaries | Paired glands that produce ova (eggs) and sex hormones; ovaries are the female gonads. |
| scrotum | The loose sac of skin and muscle fibers that contains the testes. |
| testis | One of two male gonads, the site of sperm production; plural, |
| semen | The fluid that carries sperm out of the male penis during ejaculation. |
| Cowper’s gland | In the male reproductive system, a small organ that produces preejaculatory fluid. |
| epididymis | A storage duct for maturing sperm, located on the surface of each testis. |
| vas deferens | A tube that carries sperm from the epididymis through the prostate gland to the seminal vesicles; |
| seminal vesicle | A tube leading from the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct; secretes nutrients for the sperm |
| prostate gland | A male reproductive organ; produces some of the fluid in semen, which helps transport and nourish sperm. |
| ejaculatory duct | A tube that carries mature sperm to the urethra so that they can exit the body upon ejaculation. |
| glans | The head of the penis or the clitoris. |
| circumcision | Surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis. |
| gender | How people identify and feel about themselves, rather than the body parts and sexual organs they have |
| queer | A term describing people who question gender categories and who do not dress or identify as either male or female |
| transgender | A term describing an individual whose bodily sex and gender assignment differ from their own gender identity |
| gender nonconforming | An alternative term describing people who question gender categories and who do not dress or identify as either male or female |
| androgyny | The state of being neither overtly male or female. |
| cisgender | A term that describes individuals whose bodily sex and initial gender assignment align with their own gender identity |
| transsexual | A term that describes transgender people who seek sex reassignment, which involves hormonal treatments to induce secondary sex characteristics such as breasts or facial hair, and/or surgery to change the appearance of the genitals or breasts. |
| transvestite | term for people, usually men, who enjoy wearing clothing identified with another gender |
| pansexual | The term used to describe people who may be attracted to all genders. |
| estrogens | A class of female sex hormones, produced by the ovaries, that bring about sexual maturation at puberty and maintain reproductive and other sexual functions. |
| progestogens | A class of female sex hormones, produced by the ovaries, that sustain reproductive and other sexual functions |
| adrenal glands | Endocrine glands, located over the kidneys, that produce sex hormones. |
| pituitary gland | An endocrine gland at the base of the brain that produces hormones and regulates the release of hormones—including sex hormones—by other glands |
| hypothalamus | A region of the brain above the pituitary gland whose hormones control the secretions of the pituitary; also involved in the control of many bodily functions, including hunger, thirst, temperature regulation, and sexual functions |
| sex chromosomes | The X and Y chromosomes, which determine an individual’s biological sex |
| testosterone | The hormone responsible for the development of male sex organs and secondary sex characteristics at puberty, such as deepened voice and growth of facial and body hair |
| puberty | The period of biological maturation during adolescence; in this stage of development, the individual becomes capable of sexual reproduction |
| progesterone | The most important female sex hormone for pregnancy; regulates the menstrual cycle and sustains pregnancy. |
| menstrual cycle | The monthly ovarian cycle, regulated by hormones; in the absence of pregnancy, menstruation occurs |
| menarche | The first menstrual period, which is typically experienced during adolescence. |
| menses | The portion of the menstrual cycle characterized by menstrual flow. |
| follicle | A saclike structure within the ovary, in which an egg (ovum) matures. |
| endometrium | The lining of the uterus. |
| ovulation | The release of a mature egg (ovum) from an ovary. |
| corpus luteum | The part of the ovarian follicle left after ovulation; secretes estrogen and progesterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle |
| dysmenorrhea | Painful or problematic menstruation. |
| premenstrual tension | Mild physical and emotional changes associated with the time before the onset of menses |
| premenstrual syndrome (PMS) | A disorder characterized by physical discomfort, psychological distress, and behavioral changes that begin after ovulation and cease when menstruation begins. |
| premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) | A severe form of PMS, characterized by symptoms serious enough to interfere with daily activities and relationships |
| masturbation | Self-stimulation for the purpose of sexual arousal and orgasm. |
| menopause | The cessation of menstruation, occurring gradually around age 50. |
| vasocongestion | The accumulation of blood in tissues and organs by more blood flowing into an area than flowing out |
| orgasm | The discharge of accumulated sexual tension with characteristic genital and bodily manifestations and a subjective sensation of intense pleasure; may include ejaculation for men and women |
| sexual dysfunction | A disturbance in sexual desire, performance, or satisfaction that causes distress. |
| erectile dysfunction | The inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual activity. |
| premature ejaculation | Involuntary orgasm before or shortly after the penis enters the vagina, mouth, or anus; ejaculation that takes place sooner than desired |
| delayed ejaculation | The inability to ejaculate when you wish to during sexual activity. |
| orgasmic dysfunction | The inability to experience orgasm. |
| rape | A criminal offense defined in most states as forcible sexual relations with a person against that person’s will |
| asexual | The term used to describe people who do not experience sexual desires but who may still enjoy being in romantic and other close relationships |
| celibacy | Continuous abstention from sexual activity. |
| autoeroticism | Behavior aimed at sexual self-stimulation. |
| erotic fantasy | Sexually arousing thoughts and daydreams. |
| foreplay | Kissing, touching, and any form of oral or genital contact. |
| cunnilingus | Oral stimulation of the female genitals. |
| fellatio | Oral stimulation of the penis. |
| sexual coercion | The use of physical or psychological force or intimidation to make a person submit to sexual demands |
| pornography | The depiction of sexual activities in pictures, writing, or other material with the intent to arouse |
| cybersex | Erotic interaction between people who are not in physical contact, conducted over a network such as the internet; also called virtual sex. |
| fertilized egg | The egg after penetration by a sperm; a zygote |
| gene | The basic unit of heredity; a section of a chromosome containing biochemical instructions for making a particular protein |
| fraternal twins | dizygotic |
| identica twins | monozygotic |
| infertility | The inability to conceive after trying for a year or more. |
| assisted reproductive technology (ART) | Advanced medical techniques used to treat infertility. |
| artificial (intrauterine) insemination | The introduction of semen into the vagina by artificial means. |
| in vitro fertilization (IVF) | Combining eggs and sperm outside the body and inserting one or more fertilized eggs into the uterus |
| human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) | A hormone produced by a fertilized egg that can be detected in the urine or blood of the mother shortly after conception |
| trimester | One of the three 3-month periods of pregnancy |
| Braxton Hicks contractions | A pattern of late-pregnancy uterine contractions that are irregular in timing, short in duration, and painless and do not result in labor. |
| lightening | A process in which the uterus sinks down because the baby’s head settles into the pelvic area |
| blastocyst | The stage of embryonic development, days 4–7, before the cell cluster becomes the embryo and placenta |
| embryo | The stage of development between blastocyst and fetus; about weeks 2–8. |
| placenta | The organ through which the fetus receives nourishment and empties waste via the mother’s circulatory system; after birth, the placenta is expelled from the uterus |
| umbilical cord | The cord connecting the placenta and fetus, through which nutrients pass. |
| amniotic sac | A membranous pouch enclosing and protecting the fetus; also holds amniotic fluid. |
| quadruple marker screen (QMS) | A measurement of four hormones, used to assess the risk of fetal abnormalities |
| cell-free DNA | Fetal genetic material in the maternal blood supply, used to assess the risk of fetal genetic conditions, especially for fetuses already identified as having elevated risk |
| chorionic villus sampling (CVS) | Surgical removal of a tiny section of chorionic villi to be analyzed for genetic defects |
| amniocentesis | A process in which amniotic fluid is removed and analyzed to detect possible birth defects |
| ultrasonography | The use of high-frequency sound waves to view the fetus in the uterus; also known as ultrasound |
| sonogram | The visual image of the fetus produced by ultrasonography. |
| Rh factor | A protein found in blood; Rh incompatibility between a mother and fetus can jeopardize the fetus’s health |
| teratogen | An agent or influence that causes physical defects in a developing fetus. |
| congenital malformation | A physical defect existing at the time of birth, either inherited or caused during gestation |
| fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) | A combination of birth defects caused by excessive alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy |
| ectopic pregnancy | A pregnancy in which the embryo develops outside of the uterus, usually in an oviduct |
| preeclampsia | A condition of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine |
| eclampsia | A severe, potentially life-threatening form of preeclampsia, characterized by seizures. |
| placenta previa | A complication of pregnancy in which the placenta covers the cervical opening, preventing the mother from delivering the baby vaginally. |
| placental abruption | A complication of pregnancy in which a normally implanted placenta separates prematurely from the uterine wall. |
| gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) | A form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. |
| low birth weight (LBW) | Weighing less than 5.5 pounds at birth, often the result of prematurity. |
| premature | Born before the 37th week of pregnancy. |
| infant mortality | The death of a child less than 1 year of age. |
| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | The sudden death of an apparently healthy infant during sleep. |
| labor | The act or process of giving birth to a child, expelling it with the placenta from the mother’s body by means of uterine contractions. |
| contraction | Shortening of the muscles in the uterine wall, which causes effacement and dilation of the cervix and assists in expelling the fetus. |
| active labor | The last part of the first stage of labor, during which the cervix becomes fully dilated; characterized by intense and frequent contractions. |
| Apgar score | A formalized system for assessing a newborn’s need for medical assistance. |
| episiotomy | An incision made in the perineum to widen the vaginal opening to facilitate birth and prevent uncontrolled tearing during delivery. |
| cesarean section | A surgical incision through the abdominal wall and uterus, performed to deliver a fetus |
| postpartum period | The period of about three months after delivering a baby. |
| lactation | The production of milk. |
| colostrum | A yellowish fluid secreted by the mammary glands around the time of childbirth until milk comes in, about the third day |
| postpartum depression | An emotional low that may be experienced by the mother following childbirth |
Created by:
Carrolynne