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test for ush
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Middle Class; included in the French Third Estate | Bourgeoisie |
| Led the Committee on Public Safety during the Reign of Terror | Robespierre |
| French ruler known as the "Sun King" | Louis XIV |
| French prison that was attacked in July, 1789 | Bastille |
| French ruler during the French Revolution | Louis XVI |
| Machine used to decapitate people during the French Revolution | Guillotine |
| Author of the Declaration of the Rights of Women | Olympe de Gouges |
| French general who became Emperor after failure of the Directory | Napoleon |
| Theory that rulers are appointed by God | Divine Right |
| Ruler known for westernizing Russia and expanding Russian territory | Peter the Great |
| Idea that formed the basis for Enlightenment concepts of rights | Natural Law |
| Philosopher who believed communities are sovereign and should make their own laws | Rousseau |
| Philosopher who wrote that all men have natural rights of life, liberty and property, and should consent to their government | Locke |
| Philosopher whose book "Leviathan" supported absolute rule | Hobbes |
| Event that led to England getting a limited monarchy | Glorious Revolution |
| European leaders form alliances, restore monarchs, re-draw map (after Napoleon) | Congress of Vienna |
| English civil war: Royalists vs Parliament Supporters | Puritan Revolution |
| French social class system in the Old Regime | Three Estates |
| Philosopher who wrote about three branches of government | Montesquieu |
| Palace built in France during the Sun King's reign | Versailles |
| Legislature formed by the 3rd Estate in 1789 | National Assembly |
| Document signed by King William and Queen Mary that gave more power to the Parliament | English Bill of Rights |
| French legislature of the Old Regime; convening it sparked the Revolution | Estates General |
| Gathering something together, such as power, so it's all in one place | Centralization |
| Term meaning non-religious | Secular |
| French term meaning sudden overthrow of the state; how Napoleon gained power | Coup d'Etat |
| 17th-18th Century intellectual movement valuing reason, rights, and equality | Enlightenment |
| Led South American independence movements | Simon Bolivar |
| Led the only successful slave revolt on a Caribbean island full of sugar plantations | Toussaint L'Ouverture |
| Highest social class in the colonial Spanish hierarchy; referred to people born in Spain | Peninsulares |
| Rule by oneself, or by one person | Autocracy |
| Muslim empire that expanded over 3 continents, tolerated religions in some ways, and forced conversions in other ways | Ottoman Empire |
| British feminist of the eighteenth century who argued for women's equality with men, even in voting, in her 1792 "Vindication of the Rights of Women." | Mary Wollstonecraft |
| British reformer who led the abolitionist movement that ended the British slave trade in 1807. | William Wilberforce |
| Ruled Russia 1762-1796, considered "enlightened" due to support for science, art, literature, and abolishing torture; expanded territory | Catherine the Great |
| the growth of cities | Urbanization |
| 19th Century philosopher who co-wrote the Communist Manifesto | Karl Marx |
| the process of developing machine production of goods in factories | Industrialization |
| practice of fencing or enclosing common lands into individual holdings | Enclosure Movement |
| Stronger countries taking over weaker areas to be used for the stronger country's benefit | Colonization |
| An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members | Labor Union |
| Indian troops who served in the army of the British East India Company | Sepoys |
| A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country. | Boxer Rebellion |
| A native African group who fought with the British for control of the land in southern Africa. | Zulus |
| Dutch settlers in South Africa | Boers |
| An economic system based on private property and free enterprise. | Capitalism |
| A branch of socialism named after a famous German philosopher who wrote a Manifesto | Marxism |
| British rule after India came under the British crown during the reign of Queen Victoria | Raj |
| King of Belgium who set off a scramble among European powers for African colonies and got control of Congo | King Leopold II |
| Japanese ruling dynasty that worked to isolate semi-feudal Japan from foreign influences | Tokugawa Shogunate |
| "unequal treaty" to end Opium War in which China had to accept British terms for peace | Treaty of Nanjing |
| An 1854 agreement between the United States and Japan, which opened two Japanese ports to U.S. ships | Treaty of Kanagawa |
| Period of modernization and industrialization of Japan in the 1800's | Meiji Restoration |
| Foreigners live under the laws of their native country, and disregard laws of the host country | Extraterritoriality |
| a Utopian who set up a model community at his cotton mill in Scotland | Robert Owen |
| Division of work into a number of separate tasks to be performed by different workers | division of labor |
| A person who starts up and takes on the risk of a business | Entrepreneur |
| the tools, factories, land, and investment capital used to produce wealth | means of production |
| Group with permission from the British crown to set up trading posts in India starting in the 1600s | British East India Company |
| British politician and diamond entrepreneur involved in expanding the British Empire in South Africa | Cecil Rhodes |
| The number of individuals in an area of a specific size | population density |
| Inventions like the seed drill and steel plow made farming more efficient and increased crop yields | Agricultural Revolution |
| Manchu dynasty in China that ruled from 1644 to 1912, and was the last dynasty in China. | Qing |
| Unprocessed natural products used in production; a major reason for colonization | raw materials |
| Region of Northeast Asia North of Korea; has many industrial resources, and was invaded by Japan | Manchuria |
| East Asian country on a peninsula between China and Japan | Korea |
| A group of islands | Archipegalo |
| A piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides. | peninsula |
| The belief that only the "fittest" survive in human political and economic struggle. | Social Darwinism |
| idea that European countries had a duty to spread their culture to those less civilized; based on a Rudyard Kipling poem | White Man's Burden |
| A device for rapid, long-distance transmission of information over an electric wire, using Morse Code. | telegraph |
| Policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy. | Laissez-faire |
| An adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of western European countries | Westernization |
| British thinker who wrote that human population will outgrow food supply; leading to war, famine, disease. | Thomas Malthus |
| mid-1800s period of starvation in Ireland that led to migration | Potato Famine |
| a person opposed to increased industrialization or new technology | Luddite |
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