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Lab Test #2

QuestionAnswer
What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis? Mitosis creates two identical diploid cells for growth and repair, while Meiosis creates four genetically unique haploid cells for sexual reproduction.
Interphase A clear nucleus and loose chromatin.
Prophase Chromosomes become visible as they condense and the nuclear envelope begins to break.
Metaphase Chromosomes line up along the center of the cell.
Anaphase Sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cells.
Telophase New nuclear envelopes form around the two sets of chromosomes and the begin to decondense.
Interphase: G1 The cell is growing and getting larger.
Interphase: S Duplicating all of the DNA.
Interphase: G2 The cells continue to grow.
Interphase: M Entering Mitosis (Dividing the nuclei).
Heterozygous Having two DIFFERENT alleles of a particular gene.
Homozygous Having two of THE SAME alleles of a particular gene.
Dominant A characteristic that is expressed even when only one copy of the corresponding gene is inherited.
Recessive A characteristic that is only expressed when two copies of the corresponding gene is inherited, one from the mother and one from the father.
Monohybrid A hybrid that is heterozygous with respect to a specified (dominant) gene.
Genotype An organisms complete genetic makeup.
Phenotype The observable physical traits that result from the genetic makeup (genotype).
Allele A variant version of a gene.
Monohybrid Cross Genetic cross between two individuals that differ in only ONE specific trait.
Codominance Both alleles of a trait are expressed equally in the phenotype (physical trait), meaning neither trait is dominant or recessive. For example, AB blood, where an individual has both A blood and B blood.
Complete Dominance A dominant allele complete masks the affects of a recessive allele in a heterozygous individual. For example, a heterozygous (Yy) will have the same phenotype as a homozygous dominant (YY).
What is the charge on DNA? DNA had a negative charge.
What is the structure of DNA? A double helix (twisted ladder) form by two strands of nucleotides. The sides of the "ladder" are a sugar-phosphate backbone, and the "rungs" are pairs of four bases: Adenine (A) which pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) which pairs with Gaunine (G).
What are the parts of a nucleotide? A pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
What is a restriction enzyme? What does it do? A protein produced by by bacteria that cleaves DNA at specific sites along the molecule.
What happens when DNA is exposed to restriction enzymes? It is cut into fragments in specific sequences (called restriction sites).
Which direction does DNA, that has been exposed to a restriction enzyme, move when you run it through an agarose gel in an electric current? Toward the positive electrode.
How is electrophoresis used to analyze DNA samples? By separating fragments by size (darker or lighter) using an electric field, a porous gel, and a buffer solution.
How are the fragments of DNA separated with the gel? Through gel electrophoresis, which is a process that uses an electric current to move charged molecules through the gel.
How do you identify separate DNA samples using gel electrophoresis? Comparing the unique patterns that appear after running them through the gel.
Natural Selection A process where organisms with traits better suited for their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than the others, causing the traits of advantage to become more common in the population over time.
What is the taxonomic classification system in order of most general to most specific? Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
What is the correct way to write the 2-part latinized designation? Write the Genus name first, capitalized, followed by the specific epithet, which is lowercase. For example, humans are Homo Sapien, or H. Sapien.
Created by: user-2004029
 

 



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