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psych ch 12
key terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| social psychology | is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others. |
| attitudes | Evaluations of a particular person, behavior, belief, or concept Factors: Message source Characteristics of the message Characteristics of the target |
| message source | the characteristics of a person who delivers a persuasive message, known as the attitude communicator . |
| cognitive dissonance | Occurs when a person holds two attitudes or thoughts (referred to as cognitions) that contradict each other |
| social cognition | processes that underlie our understanding of the social world |
| schemas | sets of cognitions about people and social experiences |
| impression formation | The process by which an individual organizes information about another person to form an overall impression of that person |
| central traits | Traits utilized to form an overall impression of others |
| attribution theory | seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior, what the specific causes of that person's behavior |
| situational causes | a cause of behavior that is brought about by something in the environment |
| dispositional causes | a cause of behavior that is prompted person disposition (his or her internal traits or personality characteristics) |
| self-serving bias | tendency to attribute success to personal factors and attribute failure to factors outside one self |
| fundamental attribution error | tendency to over-attribute others behavior to dispositional causes, and the corresponding failure to recognize the importance of situational causes |
| halo effect | Phenomenon in which an initial understanding that a person has positive traits is used to infer other positive characteristics |
| assumed-similarity bias | the tendency to think of people as being similar to oneself, even when meeting them for the first time |
| social influence | is the process by which the actions of an individual or group affect the behavior of others |
| groups | Consist of two or more people who… (interact with one another, perceive themselves as part of a group, are interdependent) |
| conformity | a change of behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people |
| group think | is a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternative points of view |
| foot in the door technique | small request followed by a larger request |
| door in the face technique | larger request followed by a small request |
| thats not all technique | offered a deal at an inflated price |
| not so free sample | norm of reciprocity |
| obedience | a change in behavior due to the commands of others (Stanley milgram) |
| stereotypes | generalized beliefs and expectations about social groups and their members |
| prejudice | The negative (or positive) evaluations of groups and their members |
| discrimination | Negative behavior towards members of a particular group |
| social learning approaches | people's feelings about members of various groups are shared by the behavior of the parents Mass media |
| social identity theory | we use group membership as a source of pride and self worth |
| passionate (or romantic) love | Represents a state of intense absorption that includes intense psychological arousal, psychological interest and caring for the needs of the other |
| companionate love | strong affection that we have for those whom our lives are deeply involved |
| agression | intentional injury or harm to another person |
| instinct approaches | catharsis (process of discharging built up aggressive energy) |
| frustration-agression approaches | frustration-the thawing or blocking of some on going, goal-directed behavior |
| observational learning behaviors | effects of modeling approaches |
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