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Stack #4571537

QuestionAnswer
Cation Positive ion; usually metals
Anion Negative ion; usually nonmetals
Naming molecular compounds 1st one gets a prefix if there is more than one, no change to ending 2nd one gets a prefix, change ending to ide
Naming ionic compounds No change in cation name. If it has only one possible charge, add nothing. Otherwise, add a roman numeral for its possible charge Change anion ending to -ide
Naming polyatomic ions Ate/ite: Per___ate=ate + 1 O _____ite=ate - 1 O Hypo____ite=ate - 2 Os Bi/Hydrogen: ____ate=no H Bi_____ate=add an H in front Hydrogen______ate=add an H in front
Identifying acids Acids have an H in front
Identifying bases Bases have an -OH at the end (for now :)
Naming bases Same as ionic solids.
Naming acids Acids without oxygen: Hydro_____ic acid HCl=Hydrochloric acid Acids ending in -ate: ______ic acid H2SO4=Sulfuric Acid Acids ending in -ite: ______ous acid H2SO3=Sulfurous acid
Lewis Structure A diagram that shows the covalent bonds and lone electron pairs in a molecule/Octet rule
VSEPR assumes that each atom in a molecule will achieve a geometry that minimizes the repulsion between electrons in the valence shell of that atom./Family Shape
Molecular Geometry The shape that only takes into account the bonds (lone pairs are "invisible")
Steric Number Areas where bonds or lone pairs exist A single, double, or triple bond all count as 1 area of electron density
Electron Geometry The shape that takes into account both the bonds and lone pairs.
Linear electron geometry Steric numbers of 1 or 2
Trigonal planar electron geometry Steric number of 3
Tetrahedral electron geometry Steric number of 4
Linear molecular geometry All molecules with only one bond (all molecules with a steric number of 1 and 2, only one linear in steric numbers 3 and 4)/Trigonal planar molecular geometry
Trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry Molecules with 3 bonds and 1 lone pair
Tetrahedral molecular geometry Molecules with 4 bonds and 0 lone pairs
Bent Molecules with either 2 bonds and 2 lone pairs, or 2 bonds and 1 lone pair
Bond angle of steric numbers 1 and 2 180
Bond angle of steric number 3 120
Bond angle of steric number 4 109.5
H2O molecular structure Bent
HCl Molecular Structure Linear
BH3 Trigonal planar
Organic chemistry prefixes 1=meth 2=eth 3=prop 4=but 5=pent 6=hex 7=hept 8=oct 9=non 10=dec
Hydrocarbon chains Alkanes: Carbon chain only has single bonds Suffix=-ane Alkenes: Carbon chain has a double bond in it Suffix=-ene Alkyne: Carbon chain has a triple bond in it Suffix=-yne
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 Pentane
CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3 2-hexene
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 3-heptene
CH3 | CH3-CH2-CH-CH3 | CH3 2,2 dimethylbutane
Cycloalkanes Carbons that are arranged in a regular polygon
Counting with cycloalkanes Counting for Alkyl groups starts with where the numbers are the lowest
Aromatic Rings Cyclic hydrocarbon rings with alternating single and double bonds. Called phenyl- groups
Bromo-/Chloro-/Fluro- Means that the branch has one of the 3 elements: bromine, chlorine, or fluorine.
R Abbreviation of hydrocarbon chain/Diene
Alcohols Carbon chain that has an OH group
Ether Two carbon chains that have an oxygen bonded between them
Aldehydes Carbon chain with a CO
Ketones Two carbon chains with a C=O molecule bonded between them
Carboxylic acids Carbon chain that has a COOH
Esters Two carbon chains that have a COO bonded between them
Amides Carbon chain that has a CON_ (the blank is USUALLY a hydrogen or carbon). This can also be between two chains.
Amines Carbon chain that has an NH2. This is different from amides since there is no oxygen.
Nitrites Carbon chain that has a CN (nitrogen is triple-bonded with carbon)
Thiols Carbon chain that has an SH`
Who's getting the best head? Simon
Created by: cbyrd59
 

 



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