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Group of mycotoxin metabolites in moldy feeds Aflatoxin
Aspergillus flavus & Fusarium sp. Producers of aflatoxin
Aflatoxin B1 Most common aflatoxin
Damp feeds >30% moisture, 23–33°C Conditions favoring aflatoxin growth
Corn, barley, sorghum, wheat, peanuts, coconut, soybeans Common sources of aflatoxin
Grains with insect/mechanical damage Most susceptible to mold infestation
Disruption of metabolism, rumen function, immunity; carcinogenic Effects of mycotoxins
Proper drying, propionic acid, good storage Prevention of mold growth
Disease from mold toxins in feeds Aflatoxicosis / Mycotoxicosis
Poor growth, pigmentation loss, ↓egg production, ↑mortality General signs of aflatoxicosis
Increased nutrient requirement Nutritional effects
Reduced immunity → ↑disease risk Immune effects
Liver necrosis, bile duct proliferation, tumors, ascites Liver effects
Mouth ulceration & mucosal necrosis in birds T2 toxin lesions
Depression, dehydration, rough coat, lethargy, death Common symptoms
Signs + feed history + histopathology Diagnosis of aflatoxicosis
Remove toxin source, treat secondary infections, toxin binders Treatment
Clean storage, control humidity, good ventilation Prevention practices
Raw soybean, wheat, barley inhibitors destroyed by heat Trypsin & chymotrypsin inhibitor
Viscous carbs in barley/oats reducing energy β-glucans
Found in barley, wheat, rye; blocks carb digestion Alpha-amylase inhibitor
Raw soybeans causing growth depression; destroyed by heat Lectins (phytohemagglutinin)
Reduces mineral/protein availability; in all plant feeds Phytic acid (phytate)
Causes olive-green yolk; prevented by iron salts & heating Gossypol
Found in sorghum/rapeseed; reduces protein digestibility Tannins
Cassava toxin causing poisoning Cyanogen / HCN
Canola factor causing fishy egg odor Sinapine
Alfalfa toxin injuring digestive mucosa Saponin
Ipil-ipil toxin causing alopecia & sterility Mimosine
Causes goiter; found in rapeseed/canola; “hot taste” Glucosinolates (goitrogens)
High in rapeseed oil but low in canola oil Erucic acid
Impairs nutrient absorption; causes diarrhea; in rye Pectins
Soybean factor reducing appetite & methionine/cystine Soyin
Produced by Claviceps; causes gangrene, abortion, poor FCE Ergot alkaloids
Created by: user-1909129
 

 



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