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The Cell Cycle

Biology

QuestionAnswer
The Cell Cycle is... life cycle of a cell during which it grows, prepares to divide and divides to form 2 daughter cells, each of which begins the cell cycle again
Interphase is... cell growth in between cell division and is the longest phase of the cell cycle
Interphase cycle names are... G1 Phase (Gap), S Phase (Synapsis), G2 Phase
M Phase Cell division
Mitosis nuclear division & division of the Chromosomes
Mitosis cycle names are... Prophase, Metaphase , Anaphase, Telophase
Cytokinesis division of cytoplasm and organelles
INTERPHASE is step... Step 1
G1 Phase (Gap) most of cell growth and protein synthesis cell increases in size, undergoes protein synthesis, and creates more organelles
What happens after G1 Phase(Gap) Checkpoint 1
S Phase (Synthesis) DNA Replication
G2 Phase shortest phase of interphase, prepare for cell division by making more organelles and proteins that help with division
What happens after G2 Phase Checkpoint 2
Centrioles together near the nucleus
DNA in the form of chromatin & can’t be seen during interphase
Replication occurs when the cell is preparing to divide and needs to make an exact copy of its DNA
Semiconservative each copy of DNA contains one old strand (conserved from original DNA) and one new strand
Step One of S Phase(Synthesis) Enzymes called DNA Helicases “unzip” the DNA molecule by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs at a place called the Replication Fork creating two strands which will serve as templates for the new, complementary strands
Step Two of S Phase(Synthesis) pare nucleotides FROM THE CYTOPLASM will attach to the exposed nucleotides on each DNA half. DNA Polymerase (an enzyme) then catalyzes the formation of sugar to phosphate bonds and ensure that the bases are properly paired
S Phase(Synthesis) strands... 1 strand of the DNA is built in a forward direction (leading strand) and the other strand of DNA is built backwards in sections called Okazaki fragments (lagging strand).
Prophase... The first step of mitosis and the longest phase, chromosomes become visible as chromatin condenses, Centrioles (animal cells) separate and begin to move to opposite poles, Spindle fibers (mitotic spindle) begin to form between centrioles, and the Nucleolus disappears and Nuclear Envelope breaks down
Metaphase... Second Phase of mitosis and the shortest phase of mitosis, centrioles are at poles, chromosomes line up in the middle along equator, and spindle fibers attach to chromosomes on the centromere
What happens after the Metaphase Checkpoint 3- the cell checks to make sure that each chromosome is attached strongly to a spindle fiber
Anaphase... Third phase of mitosis, Spindle fibers break the centromeres and pull the sister chromatids apart toward each centriole, each sister chromatid contains all the genetic info on the chromosome
Telophase... Last phase of mitosis, Nuclear envelope reforms around each group of sister chromatids creating 2 new nuclei, spindle fibers break down, nucleolus reappear in each nuclei, chromosome loosen and become chromatin, cell membrane begins to pinch in the middle
Cytokinesis second and last step in cell division (M-Phase), occurs at same time as Telophase, end result - 2 identical daughter cells, animal cells - cell membrane drawn inward until they pinch off in a cleavage furrow between nuclei, plant cells – form a cell plate midway between nuclei and grows outward dividing the cell in two later becomes cell wall
Created by: SamanthaMallon
 

 



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