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Ecophysiology 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Temperature | a measure of speed or intensity of the ceaseless random motions that all atoms and molecules of any substance undergo on a molecular level |
| Heat | the kinetic energy associated with the movement of atoms and molecules |
| Convection | transfer of heat by mass flow of a material substance (Wind and water) |
| Conduction | transfer of heat from one object to another |
| Radiation | emission of energy from an object |
| Ectothermic | source of heat is external |
| Endothermic | heat is generated internally |
| Stenotherm | organism with a narrow thermal range (arctic ice fish) |
| Eurytherm | organism that can survive broad ranges of temperatures (intertidal organisms, mussels) |
| Means of thermoregulation | Behavioral (basking, microclimate selection, posture) and physiological (vasoconstriction, piloerection, evaporative heat loss, metabolic rate) |
| Regional Endothermy | Conservation of metabolic heat by vascular countercurrent heat exchange to elevate the temperatures of specific tissues, usually ones involved in activity |
| Futile Cycling | combination of enzymatic reactions that cancel each other out and lead to a release of heat |
| Brown Adipose Tissue | Special type of fat that generates heat through thermogenesis to maintain body temperature. Usually found in young and around the neck, collarbone, heart and chest in adults |
| Allen's Rule | animals adapted to cold climates have shorter and thicker limbs than animals adapted to warm climates |
| Countercurrent Heat Exchange | when arteries and veins are close together countercurrent heat exchange occurs, some of the heat lost from arterial blood enters the venous blood so that it minimizes heat lost from extremities |
| Freeze Tolerance | ability to tolerate frozen tissue by limiting the presence or location of ice in the body |
| Freeze avoidance | the evasion of freezing by lowering the point at which water freezes in the body |
| Supercooling | when water cools below the freezing point without changing into ice |
| Daily Heterothermy | short torpor bouts that last for the rest phase |
| Hibernation | long torpor bouts that are accompanied by seasonal chagnes in body mass |
| Osmotic regulation | control of tissue osmotic pressure |
| ionic regulation | control of ionic composition of body fluids |
| nitrogen exretion | the pathway by which ammonia is excreted |
| Chloride cells | specialized cells for active ion transport |
| osmorespiratory compromise | increasing o2 uptake and increasing osmoregulation happens at the same time |
| estivate | state of dormancy that occurs in the summer |
Created by:
SkylerG