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Islam
Civilization and Innovations
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Muhammad | Arab prophet; founder of the monotheistic religion of Islam |
| Islam | A monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad; also means “submission to the will of Allah” |
| Arabian Peninsula | Geographic region where Islam was founded; between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf |
| oasis | A fertile spot in the desert where water is found |
| Makkah (Mecca) | The holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace and the destination of the Hajj |
| Muslims | a follower of the Islamic faith |
| Qur’an (Quran) | the holy book of Islam |
| caravan | a group of traveling merchants and animals, usually camels |
| Allah | Arabic word for God; creator |
| monotheism | Believing in only one God |
| Jerusalem | Holy city for Judaism, Christianity and Islam |
| People of the Book | Islamic term refers to Jews and Christians; three religions sharing a common heritage and ultimately worshipping the same God |
| Five Pillars of Islam | Declaration of faith, daily prayer, almsgiving (charity), fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca |
| mosque | a Muslim house of worship |
| minaret | the tower of a mosque from which Muslims are called to prayer |
| Ramadan | the nineth month of the Muslim year during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset |
| fasting | abstain from all or some kinds of food or drink, especially as a religious observance |
| Golden Age | period of time when a civilization is at its peak — when it is strong, successful, and makes major achievements in learning, art, science, and culture |
| innovation | Taking something that already exists and making it better or using it in a new way, so people find it useful or important |
| adaptation | A change made to an existing object or way of doing something |
| cultural diffusion | The spread of cultural elements from one society to another |
| Arabic | Language of Arab people |
| compass | A navigation tool that helped sailors travel farther and made long-distance trade across the Islamic world easier and safer |
| astrolabe | A tool used by sailors and astronomers to measure the position of the sun and stars to help with navigation |
| Algebra | A type of mathematics that uses letters and symbols to represent numbers; developed further by scholars in the Islamic world |
| calligraphy | The art of beautiful handwriting used to decorate buildings and books |
| logic | A way of thinking that uses reason and truth |
| House of Wisdom | A famous center for learning in Baghdad where scholars studied science, math, medicine, and literature |
| scholar | A person who studies and learns deeply about a subject |
| textile | A type of cloth or woven fabric; manufactured fabrics |
Created by:
jenine.haines