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BruzzanoExam4Lecture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 types of Protista? | fungus like, plant like, animal like |
| Fungus like protists are large, _________ celled, multi-_______, that have _______________ which allows them to flow like slime absorbing nutrients. | single, nucleated, cytoplasm |
| How to fungus like protists move? | pseudopods |
| Fungus like protists have ______ bodies. | fruiting |
| Are fungus like protists photosynthetic? | no they are heterotrophic |
| Common name of an infectious fungus like protist that caused the potato famine. | Late Blight |
| What makes some protists plant like? | photosynthesis |
| Phytoplankton is a _______________. | plant like protist. |
| Phytoplankton is anything _______________ that floats in ________. | microscopic, water |
| Phytoplankton and cyanobacteria produce of ______ % of oxygen on Earth. | 70 |
| This photosynthetic protist causes red tide. | dinoflagellate |
| Dinoflagellate have how many flagella? | 2 |
| Impact of dinoflagellate on marine life? | kills fish and manatees and can paralyze humans who eat shellfish that eat them. |
| Golden-brown algae that secrete silica and thus are said to live in glass houses. | Diatoms |
| A diatom cell wall has how many sections. | 2, one larger one fitting over a smaller one |
| What kind of soil is good for gardening and has diatoms | diatomaceous earth |
| Diatoms are also used as __________. | insecticides |
| A multi-cellular plant like Protista that lives in the water and looks like a plant., | kelp |
| Animal like protista that is highly mobile, heterotrophic and moves via various structures. | protozoa |
| What are the modes of movement of protozoa? | cilia, flagellum, pseudopods |
| Some protozoa are parasitic and cause what diseases? | giardia, malaria, African sleeping sickness |
| Malaria is spread by the ________ and African sleeping sickness is spread by the _________. | mosquito, tsetse fly |
| A green protista that only lives in spherical colonies. | Volvox |
| This protist is both plant and animal like. | Euglena |
| How does a euglena move? | flagellum |
| Paramecium is a _________- like protista that moves with __________. | animal, cilia |
| Fungi, like arthropods, have ____________, not cellulose like plants or keratin like animals. | chitin |
| Fungi have specialized _____________ underground called __________ which secrets enzymes and consumes nutrients. | hyphae, mycelium |
| Do fungi have roots? | no |
| The mushroom body is the ___________ structure. | reproductive |
| When mycelium get enough energy it shoots up a _________. | fruiting body |
| Chytridiomycota is also called _________ fungus and is terrestrial or aquatic. | chytrid, aquatic |
| Chytrid fungus caused a global decline in __________ as a direct result of ___________ ____________. | amphibians, climate change |
| Zygomycota is also called _________ fungus and its common name is __________ and ___________ ___________. | zygote, fruit, bread, mold |
| The asexual reproduction of zygote fungus. | spores land on bread or fruit and open, mycellium starts growing and when it has enough energy it grows stalks with sporangia which contain spores |
| The sexual reproduction of zygote fungus. | When 2 spores grown in the bread or fruit meet and swap DNA forming a zygospore and a new sporangium grows and releases spores. |
| Ascomycota is also called _________ fungus. | sac |
| Yeast, morels, penicillin are all ________ fungus. | sac |
| Who discovered penicillin? | Alexander Flemming |
| What is the structure in sac fungus where the single cell ascospores develop. | asci |
| What are the names of the asexual reproductive structures on sac fungus? | conidophores, conidospores |
| What is the common name of the syndrome caused by sac fungi that kills bats? | white-nose syndrome |
| How does white-nose syndrome kill bats? | It infects them when they are hibernating causing them to wake up and die due to starvation. |
| What is the disease caused by sac fungi that killed most American Chestnut trees by the 1950s. | Chestnut Blight |
| Basidiomycota is also called _________ fungus. | club |
| Club fungi common name | mushroom |
| How old is the humongous fungus in Crystal Falls in the UP? | 2,500 |
| Fungi are _________ because they break down dead organic matter with ______________ and absorb the nutrients. | decomposers, enzymes |
| What is the name of the organism that is a symbiotic relationship between fungus and algae? | lichen |
| What is the name of the fungus that is an insect parasite and takes over the insect eventually killing them? | cordyceps |
| Mycorrhizae has a ________ relationship with most land plants. Where does it grow in the plant? | mutualistic, inside the cells |
| Plants first appeared on land approximately _________ MYA. | 700 |
| Plants colonize transition zones (shorelines/coasts) __________ MYA | 435 |
| What plant colonized the transition zones first? | Charaphytes |
| How much oxygen was in the air during the Cambrian Period? What was the result to insects? | 35%, they were much bigger |
| The first flowering plants appeared in what is now China _____ MYA. | 138 |
| Scientific name for flowering plants | angiosperms |
| Photosynthesis formula. | water + carbon dioxide + sunlight = glucose + oxygen |
| 2 other types of photosynthesis. | C4, CAM |
| What type of plants use C4 photosynthesis? | Plants in the plains without much water |
| What is C4 photosynthesis? | Carbon Dioxide is stored in special cells that minimize water loss and when there is enough water, it photosynthesizes |
| What type of plants use CAM photosynthesis? | Xeric plants (i.e. desert plants) |
| What is CAM photosynthesis? | stomas open during the night and transform carbon dioxide as an acid and during the day it photosynthesizes |
| The evaporation of water from a plant when it opens its stoma to breathe, get carbon dioxide, and lose water. | evapotranspiration |
| A hydrophytic leaf on a water plant has its stoma where? | on top |
| What holds a hydrophytic leaf solid/unsoggy? | sclereid |
| A Xeriphtic leaf has what protections from the hot, dry climate? | very thick upper epidermis, stoma and guard cells are inside pouches on underside of leaf with tiny hairs that protect the stoma and capture water. |
| What is the name of the tiny hairs on Xeriphitic leaves that protect the stoma and capture water? | trichome |
| Who wrote the first book on carnivorous plants? | Darwin |
| This plant hormone promotes stem elongation, adventitious roots, fruit growth, etc. | Auxin |
| This plant hormone promotes fruit ripening. | ethylene |
| ___________ is critical for plants. | nitrate |
| Samara | helicopter like seeds |
| Examples of plant intelligence | respond to stimuli in complex ways, optimal root networks, grow branches and leaves due to perceived changes in sunlight, abscise (shed) infected leaves, change sap toxicity when herbivores present, cells communicate, ultrasonic sound when stressed. |
| Allelopathy = | one plant produces chemicals that can inhibit or promote the growth of other plants nearby |
| Acacia trees do this when heavily grazed. | produce gaseous ethylene which travels to the leaves of nearby Acacia trees causing the overproduction of tannins that make the leaves bitter and toxic so the herbivores won't eat it. |
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mbruzzano