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Life in the Colony
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cash Crop | a crop that is grown to sell for money rather than for use by the growers |
| Tobacco | the most profitable cash crop in Virginia |
| Cultivation | raising of a plant or crop |
| Agriculture | The practice of farming, including growing crops and raising animals |
| barter | a system of exchange where people traded goods and services without using money |
| credit | a system that allows people to get goods or services and pay for them later |
| currency | money used for trade |
| economy | the way people use resources to make and trade goods and services |
| enslaved labor | forced work by people who were taken from their homes and made to work without freedom or pay |
| indentured servants | people who agreed to work for a period of time (usually several years) in exchange for passage to the American colonies, food, and shelter |
| migrate | to move from one place to another to live or work |
| trade | the exchange of goods and services, either by barter or using money |
| Williamsburg | the capital of Virginia after Jamestown, chosen in 1699 due to its healthier environment and safer location |
| Culture | shared way of life of a group of people. This includes their traditions, customs, beliefs, language, food, and even the way they celebrate special events |
| Why was tobacco considered a cash crop? | Because it was grown to be sold for money, especially in England. |
| How did the popularity of tobacco in England impact Virginia? | It increased the demand for tobacco farming and made tobacco the most profitable crop in Virginia. |
| How did tobacco transform the Virginia colony? | It created economic success and led to a growing dependence on enslaved labor for intensive farming. |
| Why did Virginia rely more on enslaved labor as tobacco production grew? | Tobacco required intense labor, and enslaved labor allowed colonists to expand production and increase profits. |
| How was the Virginia colony a reflection of different cultures? | Its culture included the beliefs, customs, and architecture of Europeans, Africans, and Indigenous peoples. |
| Why is culture important? | It helps people and groups survive and thrive. |
| How did everyday life vary in colonial Virginia? | It differed for white Europeans, Indigenous peoples, enslaved African Americans, free African Americans, and free Blacks. |
| How do people change an area when they settle there? | They shape the landscape to reflect their customs, traditions, and architecture. |
| What are examples of architecture showing cultural influence in Virginia? | German barns, Scots-Irish homes, and English churches. |
| Give examples of Virginia place names and their cultural origins. | Richmond (English), Roanoke (Indigenous). |
| How did cultural groups influence each other in Virginia? | They shared traditions, beliefs, customs, and architecture. |
| How did settlement affect Indigenous peoples? | Many Indigenous groups were forced inland after European settlers arrived. |
| How did the growth of the English colony and tobacco demand affect Indigenous and African populations? | It increased the displacement of Indigenous peoples and expanded the use of enslaved Africans for labor. |
| When did slavery become a codified system in Virginia? | In the mid-1600s. |
| What happened in 1705 regarding race-based laws? | A series of laws established race-based enslavement in Virginia. |
| How did social, political, and economic structures affect people in Virginia? | Different groups experienced unequal treatment based on their race and legal status. |
| Why was the capital moved from Jamestown to Williamsburg? | Because Jamestown had contaminated water, unhealthy living conditions, and fire damage. |
| When did Williamsburg become the capital of Virginia? | In 1699. |
| Why was the new capital named Williamsburg? | In honor of King William III of England. |
| Why was Williamsburg chosen as the new capital location? | It was at a higher elevation than Jamestown and was already an established town. |
| Why did people exchange goods and services in the colony? | To obtain items they needed because money was scarce. |
| Why wasn’t currency used often in early Virginia? | Few colonists had paper money or coins. |
| Why was credit important in the Virginia colony? | Farmers often couldn’t pay for goods until after harvesting crops. |
| What is credit? | Buying a good or service now and paying for it later. |
| What is bartering? | Trading goods or services without using money. |
| How did access to money, barter, and credit vary among groups in the colony? | Different social and economic groups had unequal access to resources. |
| How did natural resources support the economy? | Resources were used to produce the goods and services people needed. |
| How did the Chesapeake Bay, James River, and York River support growth? | They made trade and transportation easier, supporting economic development. |
| What resources did people depend on in colonial Virginia? | Natural, human, and capital resources |
| What were food conditions like? | Meals were limited and made from local produce and meats. |
| What were housing conditions like? | Most lived in one-room homes with dirt floors; wealthy planters lived in large houses. |
| How was clothing made? | Women made clothing from cotton, wool, and leather for their households. |
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