Save
Upgrade to remove ads
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

M04

QuestionAnswer
What is the main function of the respiratory system? To exchange gases by supplying O2 to cells and removing CO2 while helping maintain acid-base balance.
Function of the respiratory system Removes CO2, maintains blood pH balance, and supplies oxygen to all body cells.
What do nasal passages and cavity do? Filter, warm, and humidify incoming air while trapping particles using mucus and hair.
Nasal cavity and passages Part of innate immune defense; warms, humidifies, and filters air; mucus and hairs trap debris.
What are nasal conchae? Curled bony structures that swirl inhaled air.
Conchae Bony projections that increase surface area and turbulence, warming, humidifying, and filtering incoming air.
Where does gas exchange occur? In the alveoli.
Alveoli Microscopic air sacs with simple squamous epithelium for rapid gas diffusion; contain macrophages to remove debris.
What is the larynx? The voice box that contains vocal cords.
Larynx Voice box located above trachea; contains vocal cords; formed by thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottic cartilage.
What are the 3 cartilages of the larynx? Thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottic cartilage.
Laryngeal cartilages Thyroid (Adams apple), cricoid (below thyroid), and epiglottic (forms flap of epiglottis).
What is the function of the epiglottis? Prevents food and liquids from entering the airway during swallowing.
Epiglottis Flap of elastic cartilage that closes over glottis when swallowing and opens for breathing.
What is the glottis? The opening between true vocal cords.
Glottis Space between vocal folds; controls voice pitch and airflow; closes during swallowing and hiccups.
What is the trachea composed of? C-shaped cartilage rings.
Trachea Windpipe lined with ciliated mucosa; supported by C-shaped hyaline cartilage to prevent airway collapse.
How is most oxygen transported? Bound to hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin Protein inside RBCs; heme group binds oxygen for transport to tissues.
What protects the airway lining? Mucus and cilia.
Respiratory epithelium Ciliated mucosa with goblet cells that trap particles and sweep them toward pharynx.
What is external respiration? Gas exchange between air in alveoli and blood in capillaries.
Respiration Includes ventilation, external/internal gas exchange, and cellular respiration for ATP production.
What causes air to enter the lungs? Pressure drops when diaphragm contracts.
Inspiration Active process: diaphragm contracts, thoracic cavity expands, alveolar pressure decreases, air flows in.
What moves air out of the lungs? Elastic recoil and surface tension.
Expiration Passive phase of ventilation; muscles relax, lungs recoil, alveolar pressure increases, air flows out.
What is ventilation? Movement of air in and out of lungs.
Ventilation Includes minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation (air reaching alveoli).
What does Boyle’s Law state? Pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related.
Boyle’s Law As thoracic volume ↑, pressure ↓, allowing air to enter; opposite during exhalation.
How many lobes are in each lung? Right has 3; left has 2.
Lung lobes Right: superior, middle, inferior; Left: superior, inferior; left smaller due to cardiac notch.
What do type II alveolar cells secrete? Surfactant.
Alveolar cell types Type I = gas exchange surface; Type II = produce surfactant to reduce alveolar collapse.
What is tidal volume? Amount of air inhaled/exhaled in a normal breath.
Tidal volume ~500 mL normal quiet breathing air movement.
What is inspiratory reserve volume? Additional air inhaled beyond tidal volume.
Inspiratory reserve volume Maximum additional air that can be inhaled (~3000 mL).
What is vital capacity? Maximum exhaled after maximum inhalation.
Vital capacity IRV + TV + ERV.
Which brain parts control breathing? Medulla and pons.
Respiratory control Medulla sets rhythm; pons adjusts pace and smoothness.
What do chemoreceptors detect? CO2, O2, and pH levels.
Chemoreceptors Located in aorta, carotids, and brain; adjust breathing rate based on gas levels and pH.
Why is CO poisoning dangerous? It binds hemoglobin stronger than oxygen.
Carbon monoxide toxicity Competes with oxygen for hemoglobin binding (200x affinity), preventing O2 delivery to tissues.
What happens to alveoli in emphysema? They lose elasticity and merge, reducing surface area.
Emphysema COPD disease with damaged alveoli, decreased diffusion area, and increased work of breathing.
What causes asthma symptoms? Airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction due to allergens.
Asthma Triggers mucus buildup and smooth muscle contraction causing wheezing and restricted airflow.
What is pneumothorax? Air leaks into pleural cavity, collapsing lung.
Pneumothorax Air in pleural space increases pressure, reducing lung expansion.
What is Respiratory Distress Syndrome? Lack of surfactant causing alveolar collapse.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome Seen in premature infants; treated with oxygen and synthetic surfactant.
What is the main function of the respiratory system? To remove CO2, maintain acid-base balance, and supply oxygen to all body cells.
Function of the respiratory system Removes CO2, maintains pH balance, supplies O2 to tissues throughout the body.
What do nasal passages and cavity do? Filter, warm, and humidify incoming air while trapping particles.
Nasal cavity and passages Part of innate immune defense; warms, humidifies, and filters air; mucus and hairs trap debris.
What are nasal conchae? Curled bony structures that swirl inhaled air.
Conchae Bony projections that increase surface area and turbulence, warming, humidifying, and filtering incoming air.
Where does gas exchange occur? In the alveoli.
Alveoli Microscopic air sacs with thin simple squamous epithelium for rapid diffusion; contain macrophages that remove debris.
What is the larynx? The voice box that houses vocal cords.
Larynx Voice box above trachea; contains vocal cords; formed by thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottic cartilage.
What are the 3 cartilages of the larynx? Thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottic cartilage.
Laryngeal cartilages Thyroid = Adam’s apple; cricoid below thyroid; epiglottic forms epiglottis flap.
What is the function of the epiglottis? Prevents food and liquid from entering the airway during swallowing.
Epiglottis Elastic cartilage flap covering glottis during swallowing; opens during breathing.
What is the glottis? The opening between the true vocal cords.
Glottis Space between vocal folds; controls sound production and air flow.
What is the trachea composed of? C-shaped cartilage rings.
Trachea Windpipe supported by hyaline cartilage rings; lined with cilia and mucus producing cells.
How is most oxygen transported? Bound to hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin Protein in RBCs with iron-containing heme units that bind and carry oxygen.
What protects the airway lining? Mucus and cilia.
Respiratory epithelium Ciliated mucous membrane with goblet cells that trap and sweep particles upward.
What is external respiration? Gas exchange between air and blood in the lungs.
Respiration Includes ventilation, external/internal gas exchange, and cellular respiration for ATP production.
What causes air to enter the lungs? Pressure drops when diaphragm contracts.
Inspiration Active process: diaphragm contracts, thoracic cavity expands, alveolar pressure drops, air flows in.
What moves air out of the lungs? Elastic recoil and surface tension.
Expiration Passive process where muscles relax and alveolar pressure rises pushing air out.
What is ventilation? Movement of air in and out of lungs.
Ventilation Includes minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation (air reaching alveoli).
What does Boyle’s Law state? Pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related.
Boyle’s Law As thoracic cavity volume increases, pressure falls and air flows in; reverse on exhalation.
How many lobes are in each lung? Right = 3; left = 2.
Lung lobes Right: superior, middle, inferior; Left: superior, inferior; left smaller due to cardiac notch.
What do type II alveolar cells secrete? Surfactant.
Alveolar cell types Type I = gas exchange surface; Type II = produce surfactant to reduce collapse and surface tension.
What is tidal volume? Amount of air inhaled/exhaled in a normal breath.
Tidal volume Approx. 500mL amount of air moved during quiet breathing.
What is inspiratory reserve volume? Additional air inhaled beyond tidal volume.
Inspiratory reserve volume Maximum additional air inhaled (~3000mL) after normal inspiration.
What is vital capacity? Max exhaled after max inhalation.
Vital capacity IRV + TV + ERV = maximum exchangeable lung air.
Which brain structures control breathing? Medulla and pons.
Respiratory control Medulla sets rhythm; pons modifies rate and smoothness.
What do chemoreceptors detect? CO2, O2 and pH levels.
Chemoreceptors Located in aorta, carotids and brain; adjust breathing rate and depth based on gas levels.
Why is carbon monoxide dangerous? Binds hemoglobin stronger than oxygen and blocks O2 transport.
Carbon monoxide toxicity CO has 200x affinity for hemoglobin over O2; prevents oxygen delivery to tissues.
What happens to alveoli in emphysema? They lose elasticity and surface area.
Emphysema Alveoli merge into large non-elastic sacs reducing gas exchange; form of COPD.
What causes asthma symptoms? Airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction triggered by allergens.
Asthma Allergic reaction causing mucus buildup and narrowed bronchioles resulting in wheezing.
What is pneumothorax? Collapsed lung caused by air in the pleural space.
Pneumothorax Air between lung and chest wall reduces expansion causing partial or full collapse.
What is RDS? Breathing disorder due to lack of surfactant.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome Seen in premature infants; alveoli collapse; treated with oxygen and synthetic surfactant.
Created by: jcorona83
 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards