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health assessement

ch 18 mouth throat nose sinus

QuestionAnswer
mouth structure hard/soft palates uvula tongue teeth/gums salivary gland openings
throat structure aka pharynx nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx tonsils (palatine + lingual + pharyngeal tonsils)
tonsils masses of lymphoid tissue palatine tonsils lingual tonsils pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
external nose structure external portion covered w/ skin bridge tip nares (nostril opening)
internal nose structure nasal cavity nasal septum kiesselbach area superior/middle/inferior turbinates
turbinates bony structure inside nose that helps warm/humidify/filter air looks like conch or windy squiggles
kiesselbach's area arterial network on the nasal septum common site for nosebleed
sinus structure frontal maxillary ethmoidal sphenoidal act as resonance chamber during speech
oral cancer risk factor tobacco/EtOH HPV infection sunlight (lip CA only) male >55 y.o lightskin poor oral hygiene poor diet immunocompromised graft vs host dz genetic lichen planus
EtOH and cancer risk EtOH metabolized by bacteria into acetaldehyde in mouth EtOH also increase cell turnover acetaldehyde = carcinogen
risk reduction for oral CA tobacco/EtOH cessation balanced diet workplace precaution oral hygiene avoid UV light avoid oral irritation source
equipment for mouth/nose/throat/sinus assessment glove cotton gauze pad penlight otoscope w/ nasal speculum tongue blade
assessment of mouth inspect/palpate lip (CN 7) inspect buccal mucosa/gum/tongue (CN 8) for lesion/color stensen/wharton duct inspect gum (hyperplasia/burtons) inspect teeth inspect tongue (CN 12) inspect uvula/palate rise (CN 9/10)
stensen/wharton duct stensen duct = salivary duct near B/L upper molars wharton duct = submandibular salivary duct (under tongue)
actinic keratosis precancerous area of thick crusty/scaly skin
squamous vs basal cell CA squamous = top most skin layer of squamous cells (?from actinic keratosis) basal = deeper basal layer of skin
burton's line clinical sign in chronic lead poisoning thin, black/blue line along margin of gums at base of teeth
inspection of throat inspect for color, consistency, torus palatinus, uvula tonsil for grading and consistency
torus palatinus harmless/painless bony growth of roof of mouth (hard palate) no tx indicated unless interfering with speech/swallow or daily life removal before dentures maybe
bifid uvula uvula splits into 2 more common in native americans/asians
tonsil grading system grade 1-2 normal grade 3 closing (needs possible intervention after this point) grade 4-5 (near) complete closure of airway
nose assessment inspect for color/shape/tenderness/airflow patency nasal mucosa inspection test sense of smell percuss sinus palpate frontal/maxillary sinuses for swelling
sinus assessment palpate for tenderness percussion/transillumination for air vs fluid/pus
leukoplakia thick gray/white patches in mouth (cannot be scraped off) EtOH/tobacco use poor denture fit sharp teeth immunocompromised people (ie HIV/AIDS)
oral hairy leukoplakia type of leukoplakia caused by EBV
leukplakia tx stopping tobacco/EtOH surgical intervention in rare case
abnormal sinus findings nasal polyps septum perforation
talon cusps extra talon like projection on teeth incisors and molars seen in asian/pacific islanders + native americans
age related change in nose/mouth/throat/sinus receding gums (ischemic/fibrotic change) worth tooth surface decreased sense (smell/taste) drier/fragile oral mucosa varicose veins of ventral tongue surface
Created by: sleepingbear
 

 



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