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Repro L15-16
nutrition and reproductive performance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Major nutrients affecting reproduction | energy protein fibre vitamins and minerals |
| energy | energy balance regulates reproductive hormones |
| negative energy balance | reduces ovulation rate increases postpartum anoestrus duration deficits reduce embryo survival |
| excess energy | increases dystocia and metabolic disorders |
| Body condition score | they key indicator of energy status |
| Protein | required for hormone synthesis and reproductive tissues |
| excess crude protein | increases ammonia and blood urea nitrogen |
| high ammonia levels | reduce oocyte and embryo quality |
| excess protein | decreases conception rates in dairy cows |
| fibre | essential for rumen function and digestion |
| poor fibre | leads to suboptimal energy utilisation and reduced fertility |
| vitamin A | role in ovarian function and embryonic development |
| vitamin E and selenium | antioxidant defence and prevention of reproductive disorders |
| vitamin D | calcium metabolism and reproductive health |
| calcium and phosphorus | important for bone health |
| Zinc | spermatogenesis and ovarian function |
| Copper and manganese | roles in enzyme systems related to reproduction |
| Practical considerations for nutritional management | pasture based systems in Aus supplementary feeding environmental conditions |
| nutrition in puberty | increasing feed lowers pubertal age (cattle, sheep) |
| pre-breeding nutrition | nutritional management prior to mating or AI importance of flushing (increased energy intake) in small ruminants role of body condition at mating |
| sperm production | testicular size nutrition dependent undernutrition reduces daily sperm output |
| embryo survival | high nutrition immediately after mating reduces embryo survival stable nutrition improves embryo implantation |
| foetal growth | 75% of foetal growth occurs late gestation undernutrition causes low birthweight and weak neonates over nutrition increases dystocia |
| colostrum and milk production | adequate late gestation nutrition improves colostrum quality |
| postpartum period | high nutrition reduces postpartum anoestrus low nutrition delays return to cycling |
| Flushing (sheep nutrition) | increasing energy 2-3 weeks before mating increases ovulation rate flushing works via insulin and IGF-1 increases |
| BCS targets (sheep) | ideal BCS at mating : 3 ideal BCS late pregnancy: 2.5-3.5 |
| early pregnancy (sheep) | overfeeding reduces embryo survival due to hormonal disturbance |
| Late pregnancy (sheep) | energy needs to be high undernutrition: weak lambs, poor colostrum, increased mortality over nutrition: large lambs, dystocia, ketosis |
| BCS importance | affects ovulation rate predicts embryo survival influences lamb birthweight affects postpartum recovery |
| why does negative energy balance occur? | high milk production demands |
| heat stress and disease | high producing cows are more sensitive to heat heat stress reduces oestrus expression and conception rate |
| colostrum | must be provided ASAP after birth provides antibodies improves growth rate, survival and weaning success |
| Pre-weaning milk feeding | essential for growth and immune development |
| natural suckling | increases risk of inefficient (time/quantity) colostrum consumption |
| weaning needs to be based on: | Bw age concentrate intake (not age alone) |
| Gradual weaning | gradually decreasing milk concentration decreasing milk temp reducing number of meals |
| Ketosis risk (low nutrition) | high risk due to low energy reserves |
| Ketosis risk (high/over nutrition) | high risk due to inefficient fat mobilisation |
| Dystocia risk (low nutrition) | weakened ewe risk of poor labour performance |
| Dystocia risk (over nutrition) | increased fat around birth canal large lambs |
| Fetal growth (low nutrition) | poor foetal growth low birth weight lambs |
| Fetal growth (over nutrition) | increased risk of large lambs and birth complication |
| Lamb survival (low nutrition) | increased risk of weak lambs poor colostrum production |
| Lamb survival (over nutrition) | lamb mortality risk due to difficult birth and low milk production |
| Fertility postpartum (low nutrition) | slow recovery lower fertility next breeding season |
| Fertility postpartum (over nutrition) | risk of reduced future fertility due to metabolic issues |
Created by:
sakelleher29