Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
(12)
(12)Project Sitework
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bank Volume | Volume when still in the ground |
| Swell | The increase in volume of earth from its natural state to its loose state and varies depending on the type of earth |
| Shrinkage | The decrease in the volume of earth from its natural bank state to its compacted state and varies depending on the type of earth |
| Embankment | A raised structure made of natural soil |
| Bank Measure | The volume of earth in its natural state |
| Loose Measure | The volume after compaction |
| Braced Cut | Is an excavation in which the active earth pressure from one bulkhead, or partition, is used to support the facing bulkhead |
| Swell Factor (Bulking Factor) | Is the ratio of the soil's bulk unit weight to the unit weight of the loose soil |
| Shrinkage Factor | Is a ratio of the unit weights of the soil expressed as a decimal value |
| Load Factor | The ratio of the bank soil volume to the loose soil volume |
| Height of Instrument (HI) | The elevation of the instrument above the reference datum |
| Coagulants | The rate of sedimentation can be modified through the use of these chemicals |
| Slope Drains | Carry water down slopes, intercepting runoff before it can affect other parts of a project and reducing erosion prior to the installation of permanent facilities or the growth of adequate ground cover on the slopes |
| Silt Fence | A sediment trap that passes water and holds soil fines |
| Sediment Structure | An energy dissipating rock dump, basin, pond, or trap that catches and stores sediment from upstream erodible areas |
| Check Dam | A barrier placed across a natural or constructed drainway to retard stream flow and catch small sediment loads |
| Temporary Seeding/Mulching | Consists of seeding, mulching, fertilizing, and matting used to reduce erosion |
| Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) | All the federal OSHA regulations are published here |
| Qualified Person | A person who by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, successfully demonstrates the ability to solve/resolve problems relating to the subject matter, or the work |
| Short-Term Excavation | An excavation that is open for 24 hours or less |
| Competent Person | Someone who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take corrective measures to eliminate them |
| Recordable Incidents | Per OSHA, include all work-related deaths, illnesses, and injuries that result in a loss of consciousness, restriction of work or motion, or permanent transfer to another job within the company or require some type of medical treatment beyond first aid. |
| Experience Modification Rate (EMR) | An evaluation standard used by insurance companies to determine how much a contractor will pay for workers' compensation insurance premiums in order to protect employees from potential work-related injuries |
| Primary Losses | Gauge how frequently injuries occur |
| Excess Losses | Gauge how severe the injuries are |
| Permissible Noise Structure | The allowable time a worker can spend being exposed to a specified sound pressure level |
| Horizontal Circular Curve | Used to change a roadway's direction |
| Vertical Circular Curve | Used to change a roadway's grade |
| Tangents | A horizontal curve has a constant radius and connects two straight sections of roadways |
| Back Tangent (Approach Tangent) | The first tangent encountered |
| Forward Tangent (Departure/Ahead Tangent) | The second tangent encountered |
| Intersection Angle | The angle between the back tangent and the forward tangent |
| Point of Curvature (PC) | The first point of the curve, the point at either the left or bottom of the plan sheet where the back tangent ends and the curve begins |
| Point of Tangency (PT) | Stationing is carried ahead along the arc of the curve to the endpoint of the curve, which is where the forward tangent begins |
| Azimuth | Always given as an angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, typically "from the north" or "from the south." |
| Bearing | Measured from the north-south axis, but it is not always measured in the clockwise direction |
| Quadrant NE | bearing = azimuth |
| Quadrant SE | bearing = 180 - azimuth |
| Quadrant SW | bearing = azimuth - 180 |
| Quadrant NW | bearing = 360 - azimuth |
| Length of Curve | The actual curved arc length |
| Degree of Curve | The angle subtended by an arc of 100 ft or 1 sta. |
| Arc Basis | The degree of curve is related to an arc of 100 ft. |
| Chord Basis | The angle subtended by a chord of 100 ft, rather than by an arc of 100 ft. |
| Tangent Length | The straight-line distance from the point of curve (PC) to the point of intersection (PI). |
| Chord Length | The straight-line distance from the point of curvature (PC) to the point of tangent (PT). |
| External Distance | The distance between the midpoint of a given curve and the point of intersection (PI) |
| Middle Ordinate | The distance from the midpoint of the curve to the long chord |
| Vertex (Of Vertical Curve) | The point where the tangent slopes intersect. |
| Sag Curves | Concave upward curves |
| Retaining Wall | Vertical cantilever beam with the additional complexities of nonuniform loading and soil-to-concrete contact |
| Gravity Wall | A high-bulk structure that relies on self-weight |
| Buttress Wall | Depends on compression ribs between the stem and the toe to resist flexure and overturning |
| Counterfort Walls | Depend on tension ribs between the stem and the heel to resist flexure and overturning |
| Cantilever Walls | Resist overturning through a combination of the soil weight over the heel and the resisting pressure under the base |
| Mensuration of Areas and Volumes | Involves the measurement and calculation of the surface area, volume, and the dimensions of various structures and shapes used in construction |
| Circular Segment | Is a region of a circle that is bounded by an arc and the chord connecting the endpoints of that arc |
| Prismoid | Formed by connecting the corresponding vertices of two parallel polygons with straight lines |
| Average End-Area Method | Calculates the volume, between two consecutive cross sections as the average of two end areas, multiplied by the distance, between two areas |
| Primordial Formula | Method of determining volume of an area of earthwork between two consecutive cross sections |
| Borrow Pit Grid Method | The area of a borrow pit is divided up into a grid or prismoidal shapes |
| Simpson's Rule (Simpson's 1/3 Rule) | A method for approximating areas of earthwork with irregular boundaries |
| Angle of Repose (Angle of Internal Friction) | Maximum slope angle at which granular material, such as loose roc, soil, or sand, will stand and remain stable |
| Vibratory Rollers | Are smooth-drum rollers typically used for granular and mixed soil materials |
| Pneumatic-Tire Rollers | Are rubber tires to provide kneading action on the soi, generally compacting from the top of the lift downward, akin to sealing the surface of the soil |
| Shapeshift Rollers | Can be described as smooth drum rollers with feet or extensions protruding from the drum |
| Tamping-Foot Rollers | Combine the vibratory roller and the sheepsfoot roller into one machine |
| Vibratory Plate Compactors | Are small engine-powered walk-behind machines that use powerful vibratory action to compact soil, sand, or gravel |
| Benchmarks | Permanent points of known elevation that can be used to triangulate around a site |
| Grade Stakes | Delineate a specific elevation at the top of the stake |
| Slope Stakes | Indicate where cuts and fills begin and end |
| Differential Leveling | The process used for determining the elevation difference between two or more points |
| Backsight | The elevation difference to a known point |
| Foresight | The elevation difference to an unknown point or a benchmark |
| Raindrop Erosion | Happens when exposed earth is subjected to rain |
| Sheet Erosion | Very shallow, widespread flow from the movement of water |
| Rill Erosion | Occurs when the moving sheet flow begins to congregate in low areas and develops small, shallow channels of concentrated flow |
| Streambank/Channel Erosion | Caused by the continued of established, or newly constructed, planned areas of water flow |
| Slope Drains | Used in conjunction with dikes, can be effective for raindrop, rill, and gully expansion |
| Rolled Erosion-Control Products | Used in conjunction with seeding to dissipate raindrop erosion and keep rill erosion from getting worse |
| Rock Ditch Checks | Used in ditches and channels to slow the velocity of concentrated flows, thus reducing the shear stress in the channel |
| Perimeter Sheet Flow Controls | Designed to hold, or pond, water and release it slowly |
| Sediment Traps | Used to intercept flows and hold water, giving the sediment a chance to settle out |
| Inlet Protections | Necessary around areas where water enters a storm-sewer system or a culvert |
| Ditch Checks | Can be modified and installed using filter fabric fence to allow for ponding and settlement to occur in low-flow ditch lines |
| Merging Tapers | Move traffic from a lane that is ending and direct traffic into another lane where active traffic is flowing |
| Shifting Tapers | Move traffic longitudinally to another location |
| Shoulder Tapers | Used on high-speed facilities where construction vehicles are in use or when traffic could accidently mistake the area as open to use. |
| Downstream Tapers | Mostly used in work zone termination areas where a lane is being opened up to use or when a new lane is being introduced |
| One Lane, Two-Way Tapers | Used on two-lane roadways where one of the lanes is closed |
| Bearing Angle | Indicates the degree to which a line is turned, and the second letter (E or W) specifies if the angle is turned toward east or west. |
| Inverse the Line | If the coordinates of the endpoints are known, work backward to establish the length and bearing (or azimuth) of the line connecting the endpoints |
| Compound Curve | Consists of two or more consecutive curves of different radii curving in the same direction with no tangent sections in between |
| Reverse Curve | Consists of two consecutive curves in opposite directions with no tangent length in between |
| Transition Curves | Referred to as spiral curves, are curves that provide a gradual transition from a straight path to a curved path at the beginning and end of the horizontal curves |
Created by:
user-1997879