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health assessment
head - neck ch 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cranial bones | frontal - 1 parietal - 2 temporal -2 occipital - 1 ethmoid - 1 sphenoid -1 |
| sutures (skull) | sagittal coronal squamosal lamboid |
| assessment of the skull | palpitation to detect deformities/tenderness |
| how does cranium anatomy serve protective functions | curved shape helps withstand external force |
| facial bones | maxilla (2) zygomatic -2 inferior conchae -2 nasal -2 palatine -2 vomer -1 mandible -1 |
| TMJ | only freely movable joint of the face need to assess for pain/crepitus/limited motion CN V |
| salivary glands | parotid and submandibular glands - normally nonpalpable when healthy |
| temporal artery | located between eye and top of ear -> supply blood to face/scalp check for tenderness/thickness = temporal arteritis |
| swollen/tender parotid glands seen in | viral infections (ie mumps) |
| where does the temporal artery branch off from | branch of external carotid artery |
| neck structure | hyoid bone major blood vessels (carotid/jugular) larynx trachea thyroid gland |
| hyoid bone | front of neck below low jaw carries weight of tongue and plays role in speech/swallowing |
| larynx | hallow tube letting air pass from pharynx -> trachea -> lungs voice box |
| trachea | passage for air -> moisturizes and warms air protects respiratory surface from accumulation of foreign particles |
| thyroid gland | butterfly shaped organ located in the base of the neck hormone to control metabolism -> regulate functions such as breathing |
| sternocleidomastoid muscle | SCM rotate/flex head CN XI |
| trapezius msucle | extend head and move shoulders CN XI |
| cervical vertebrae | C1-C7 vertebra prominens supports head/protects spinal cord |
| head lymph nodes | preauricular/postauricular occipital submental submandibular jugulodigastric superficial cervical deep cervical posterior cervical supraclavicular |
| lymphatic system | maintain fluid in tissues by removing fluids leaking out of blood vessels immune function absorb digestive tract fats remove cellular waste |
| mastoid | located behind ear |
| mastoiditis | infection of bony air cells in mastoid bone rarely seen swelling/redness in ear |
| submental space | deep compartment of head/neck in the midline submental triangle below chin medial to submandibular spaces |
| submandibular glands | pair of glands on floor of mouth below lower jaw one of 3 pairs of glands producing saliva |
| jugulodigastric lymph nodes | aka subdigastric lymph nodes deep cervical nodes located below posterior belly of digastric muscle and anterior to internal jugular vein lymphatic drainage from tonsils/pharynx/oral cavity/face |
| superficial cervical lymph nodes | lymph nodes that lie near surface of neck deep cervical lymph nodes contained in carotid sheath in neck close to internal jugular vein |
| posterior cervical region | posterior triangle of neck -> organize neck into anatomical subdivisions |
| supraclavicular lymph nodes | lymph nodes found above clavicle towards hollow of neck |
| TBI | sudden injury causing brain damage leads to long term disability/fatal outcome age/mechanism of injury affect severity |
| TBI at risk population | infants (falls/shaken baby syndrome) teens 15-19 old people 65+ EtOH abuse MVI falls guns |
| HIT | headache impact test measure impact headache have on ability to function in life/social situations |
| HIT-6 criterias | pain social functioning vitality cognitive functioning psychological distress role functioning never/rarely/sometimes/very often/always (1-5 scale) |
| head and neck equipment | gloves penlight water stethoscope |
| inspection of head | inspect size/shape/configuration of head involuntary movement hair facial symmetry |
| palpation of head | palpate head for lumps/bumps/scar/tenderness |
| inspection of face | symmetry feature movement expression hair/skin CN VII (facial nerve) - smile symmetry |
| TMJ evaluation | open/close jaw + move side to side listen for clicking/popping |
| palpation of face | circular motions to detect lumps/tenderness temporal artery (tenderness + elasticity) TMJ (ROM + swelling + tenderness + crepitus) |
| neck inspection | inspect for goiter/masses skin for discoloration/scarring midline trachea posture/muscle symmetry carotid artery prominence JVD |
| physical assessment of neck | neck ROM - flexion/extension/rotation/lateral extension cervical vertebrae |
| palpation of trachea/thyroid | sternal notch and midline trachea identify hyoid bone/thyroid cartilage/cricoid cartilage |
| tracheal displacement | indicate major issue like tumors or tension pneumothorax |
| palpate and auscultate thyroid | posterior approach w/ hand around neck ask to swallow auscultate for bruit if enlarged (hyperthyroidism can cause abn blood flow) |
| palpations of lymph nodes (sequence) | pre/postauricular occipital (posterior hairline) tonsillar submandibular submental superficial cervical posterior cervical deep cervical supraclavicular |
| normal vs abnormal lymph nodes | normal = small, mobile, nontender abnormal = large/matted, hard/fixed** => malignancy/infection |
| thyroid function | regulate metabolism, growth, development |
| hypothyroidism | fatigue/cold intolerance/weight gain dry skin/brittle nails constipation bradycardia periorbital edema abnormal menses myxedema progression |
| hyperthyroidism | nervousness/heat intolerance/palpitations weight loss tachycardia/arrhythmia expothalamos (graves dz) warm/moist skin abnormal mense frequent bowel movement muscle weakness |
| thyroid evaluation | TSH/T3/T4 thyroid palpation for enlargement/nodule Hx for energy/temp intolerance BP/HR monitoring |
| acromegaly | enlargement of facial feature (nose/ears) and large hand/feet d/t excessive growth hormone |
| cushing syndrome physical presentation | moon shaped face reddened cheeks facial hair |
| cushing syndrome | abnormal cortisol levels from adrenal glands - pituitary/adrenal gland tumor - 2/2 corticosteroid use |
| scleroderma physical presentation | tightened/hard face w/ facial skin thinning possible change in skin color -> lighter or darker + shiny skin early itching/swelling symptom possible telangiectasia |
| scleroderma | systemic sclerosis limited vs diffuse can affect blood vessel/internal organ/GI |
| localized scleroderma | aka morphea affect only skin |
| scleroderma tx | no cure tx ease symptoms/slow progression -> goal improve QoL |
| parkinson's dz facial presentation | mask like appearance of face (less expressive) shuffling gait + rigid muscle + diminish reflex |
| goiter | any enlargement of thyroid gland not caused by inflammation or neoplasm |
| bell's palsy | unilateral CN VII (facial nerve) paralysis cannot wrinkle nose/raise brow/whistle/show teeth/smile |
| stroke/CVA | d/t cerebral vessel obstruction paralysis of lower facial muscles CAN wrinkle brow/close eyes unable to smile |
| BEFAST | stroke assessment tool balance eyes face arm speech time |
| hydrocephalus | increased CSF and ICP |
| pagets's disease | chronic disease of skeleton -> abnormal bone remodeling replaces new bone that is abnormally shaped + weak/brittle |
| torticollis | condition where neck muscles cause head to twist and tilt to the side aka wryneck |
| headache etiologies | primary (tension/migraine/cluster) vs secondary (underlying pathology ie sinus/tumor) |
| sinus headache | pain behind browbone/cheekbone commonly d/t sinusitus |
| cluster headache | intense/stabbing headache typically felt from one eye radiating to temple/face sudden onset/brief episodes w/ possible tearing and drooping eyelid |
| tension headache | dull, band like tightness d/t stress |
| migraine | severe throbbing unilateral HA often accompanied by nausea, photophobia/phonophobia triggers w/ certain foods last up to 3 days w/ associated aura |
| tumor related headache | may be steady/aching worsen in morning associated neuro changes |
| old age related change in spine | kyphosis |
| old age related change in facial skin | facial wrinkles -> d/t decreased SC fat content |
| old age related change in neck | neck pain w/ decreased ROM -> d/t arthritis/osteoarthritis |
| old age related change in temporal artery | decreased pulse strength |
Created by:
sleepingbear