Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Glycolysis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what do we start and end with in glycolysis | start with one molecule of glucose (6 carbon molecule), end up with 2 three carbon molecules (pyruvate) |
| How many ATP can you make from a single molecule of glucose? | up to 32 |
| what is the main takeaway from glycolysis? | oxidize carbon and release energy. |
| where does the energy we get out of oxidizing glucose come from? | electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) |
| how much ATP worth for one NADH? Two? | 2.5 ATP for one, 5 for two |
| How much ATP for FADH2? | 1.5 |
| What is the NET gain of ATP from glycolysis? | 2 ATP |
| Difference between NAD+ and NADH? | NAD+: not carrying electrons NADH: carrying a pair of electrons and one proton. |
| Reaction 1 | phosphate group added onto 6th carbon. Hexokinase involved |
| Reaction 2 | double bond to oxygen is moved from one carbon to another so reaction 3 can occur |
| Reaction 3 | phosphorylation (just like reaction 1), but onto a different carbon (1st carbon). This molecule has more energy than glucose (2 more ATP from phosphorylation) |
| What phase is steps 1-3? | The investment phase: investing energy to get energy out of it |
| Reaction 4 | chopping the molecule in half (breaking the bond) using aldolase. These two molecules are slightly different |
| Reaction 5 | Isomerization (rearranging molecules). One of the molecules we want, one of them we don't. So, we turn the one we don't want into the one we want (2 copies) |
| Reaction 6 | Oxidative reaction: taking NAD+ and converting it to NADH. Pair of electrons added onto NAD+, electrons removed from one of the carbons. Also, inorganic phosphate group is attached. Happens twice. Dehydrogenase remove 2 H. |
| Why do reactions 6+ happen twice? | Because we now have 2 three carbon molecules |
| What reaction has energy coupling? | Reaction 6, large negative delta G for NAD+ to NADH, and then positive delta G for the inorganic phosphate group attached. So, it's unfavorable. |
| Reaction 7 | transferring phosphate group onto ADP to make ATP. Kinase used. Made two ATP (payoff phase) |
| Reaction 8 and 9 | Minor changes to get ready for reaction 10 |
| Reaction 10 | Same as step 7, take the remaining phosphate group and transfer it onto ADP to make ATP. This made 2 ATP. |
| What phase is steps 7-10? | payoff phase, we get energy out. Oxidative phase, 2 NADH made (worth 5 ATP). Also made two ATP at step 7, then two more at step 10. |
| What is the sign of delta G when we invest ATP (like removing a phosphate group)? | negative |
| what does glucose-6 phosphate turn into? | fructose-6 phosphate. Smaller ring in fructose than glucose (4 in the ring, two out) |
| Why do kinases require Mg? | Phosphate groups are negatively charged and the active site needs a positive charge |
| Which steps have large negative delta G's? | Steps 1, 3, and 10 |
| What does hexokinase do? | Transfer phosphate groups onto other molecules |
| What do isomerases do? | changes one molecule into another |
| What do aldolases do? | chops a molecule in half |
| 2 major ways of making ATP? | substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation |
Created by:
madalynes