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unit 1 building word
| Term | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Mono, Uni- | Mono- is a medical and scientific prefix meaning “one,” “single,” or “alone.” | Monocyte – A type of white blood cell with a single nucleus. Unilateral – Affecting one side of the body. "The lab results showed an elevated monocyte count, which may indicate an ongoing infection." |
| Bi | Bi- is a medical prefix meaning “two,” “double,” or “twice.” | Bilateral – Affecting both sides of the body. Bicuspid valve – A heart valve with two flaps (also called the mitral valve). "The patient has bilateral knee pain, meaning both knees are affected. |
| Tri | Tri- is a medical prefix meaning “three.” | Triceps muscle – A muscle with three heads located on the back of the upper arm. Tricuspid valve – A heart valve with three flaps "The doctor noted inflammation of the trigeminal nerve, which is responsible for sensation in three regions of the face." |
| Ab | Ab- means “away from.” | Abduction – Movement away from the midline of the body. Abnormal – Not typical; deviating away from normal. "The therapist instructed the patient to perform shoulder abduction exercises, lifting the arm away from the body." |
| Ad | Ad- means “toward” or “to.” | Adduction – Movement toward the body’s midline. Adhesion – Tissues sticking to each other. "After surgery, the patient developed adhesions, causing tissues to stick together." |
| Ecto/ Exo- | Ecto- or Exo- means “outside,” “outer,” or “external.” | Ectoderm – The outer layer of embryonic tissue. Ectopic pregnancy – Pregnancy occurring outside the uterus. "An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the embryo implants outside the uterine cavity, often in the fallopian tube." |
| Endo | Endo- means “within,” “inner,” or “inside.” | Endoscopy – Viewing inside the body with a camera. Endocardium – The inner lining of the heart. "The doctor ordered an endoscopy to examine the inside of the patient’s stomach and esophagus." |
| Epi | Epi- means “upon,” “on top of,” or “above.” | Epidermis – The layer of skin on top of the dermis. "The patient reported pain in the epigastric region, located above the stomach." |
| Anterior (or Ventral) | Anterior (also called ventral) means toward the front of the body or on the front side. | The sternum (breastbone) is anterior to the heart. "The surgeon made an anterior incision on the knee to access the joint |
| Posterior (or Dorsal) | Posterior (also called dorsal) means toward the back of the body or on the back side. | The spine is posterior to the heart. "The patient complained of posterior neck pain, located along the back of the neck." |
| Superior | Located above or higher than another body part. | The head is superior to the chest. "The doctor noted a mass in the superior portion of the left lung. |
| Inferior | Located below or lower than another structure | The stomach is inferior to the heart. "The inferior vena cava carries blood from the lower body to the heart." |
| Lateral | Toward the side of the body; away from the midline. | The arms are lateral to the chest. "The patient felt pain on the lateral side of her right ankle." |
| Distal | Farther from the point of attachment to the body | The fingers are distal to the wrist. "The fracture was located in the distal part of the humerus near the elbow." |
| Proximal | Closer to the point of attachment or closer to the trunk. | The elbow is proximal to the wrist, "Blood pressure is often measured in the proximal arteries of the upper arm." |
| Ambi | Means “both” or “on both sides.” | Ambidextrous – Able to use both hands equally "The patient is ambidextrous and can write with both hands." |
| Dys- | Means “bad,” “painful,” or “difficult.” | Dysuria – Painful or difficult urination. "The patient reported dysphagia, making it difficult to swallow solids." |
| Eu- | Means “good,” “normal,” or “healthy.” | Eupnea – Normal breathing "Her lab results showed euthyroid hormone levels." |
| Homo- | Means “same.” | Homogeneous – Of the same or uniform structure.Homozygous – Having two identical genes. "The solution was homogeneous, with all components evenly mixed." |
| Iso- | Means “equal,” “same,” or “uniform.” | Isotonic solution – A solution with equal concentration to another. "The patient received an isotonic saline infusion to maintain fluid balance." |
| Mal- | Means “bad,” “poor,” or “abnormal.” | Malnutrition – Poor or inadequate nutrition. "Weight loss and fatigue were caused by malabsorption in the small intestine." |
| -algia | Means “pain.” | Neuralgia – Nerve pain,Myalgia – Muscle pain. "After the flu, she experienced lingering myalgia, especially in the legs." |
| -emia | “blood condition.” | Anemia – Low red blood cell count. Leukemia – Cancer of blood-forming tissues. "The patient’s fatigue was caused by severe anemia." |
| -itis | Means inflammation of a structure or organ | Appendicitis – Inflammation of the appendix. Arthritis – Inflammation of a joint. "The patient was admitted with acute appendicitis and required surgery." |
| . -lysis | Means destruction, breakdown, or separation. | Hemolysis – Breakdown of red blood cells. Dialysis – Separation of waste from the blood (used in kidney failure). "The lab reported hemolysis in the blood sample, indicating red blood cell destruction." |
| -oid | Means resembling or like. | Adenoid – Tissue resembling a gland. Mucoid – Resembling mucus. "The child had enlarged adenoids, which were obstructing his airway." |
| -opathy | Means disease or disorder. | Nephropathy – Kidney disease. "The patient’s diabetes led to peripheral neuropathy, causing numbness in the feet." |
| -pnea | Means breathing or respiration. | Tachypnea – Rapid breathing. "The nurse observed dyspnea while the patient was climbing stairs." |
| -centesis | Means surgical puncture to remove fluid. | Amniocentesis – Removal of amniotic fluid for testing. "Amniocentesis was performed to check for genetic abnormalities in the fetus." |
| -ectomy | Means surgical removal of a body part. | Cholecystectomy – Removal of the gallbladder. "The surgeon performed a cholecystectomy to remove the patient’s gallstones." |
| . -ostomy | Means surgical creation of an opening. | Colostomy – Opening the colon to the outside of the body. "After bowel surgery, the patient required a temporary colostomy." |
| -otomy | Means cutting into or incision of a structure. | Laparotomy – Incision into the abdomen. "A craniotomy was performed to relieve pressure on the patient’s brain." |
| -orrhaphy | Means surgical repair or suturing. | Herniorrhaphy – Surgical repair of a hernia. "The surgeon completed a herniorrhaphy to repair the inguinal hernia." |
| -opexy | Means surgical fixation or suspension of a body part. | Nephropexy – Surgical fixation of a kidney "A nephropexy was performed to correct the patient’s floating kidney." |
| -oplasty | Means surgical repair, reconstruction, or reshaping. | Rhinoplasty – Surgical reshaping of the nose."The patient underwent angioplasty to open a blocked coronary artery." |
| -otripsy | Means crushing or breaking of a stone or calculus. | Lithotripsy – Crushing kidney or bladder stones."Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was used to break the kidney stone into smaller fragments." |
Created by:
kaylaboldeng04