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BruzzanoVertebrates
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When did the phylum chordata appear? | 525 MYA |
| What are the 5 traits for all chordates? | rigid notochord, dorsal nerve chord, gill/pharyngeal, endostyle, post anal tail |
| What does the endostyle? | regulate metabolism and growth |
| Subphylum that has a vertebral column. | vertebrates |
| Classes of vertebrates? | cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals |
| What are common names of cartilaginous fish? | sharks, stingrays |
| Do cartilaginous fish have swim bladders? | no |
| How do cartilaginous fish maintain buoyancy if they don't have swim bladders? | 2 large liver lobes that secrete oil called squalene. |
| True or false - bony fish are the most abundant vertebrates? | true |
| How do bony fish maintain buoyancy? | swim bladder |
| How does a swim bladder maintain buoyancy? | Through a balloon like organ with blood gases. |
| Amphibians include what? | frogs, toads, salamanders, newts |
| Amphibians have what type of skin? | Glandular with mucus glands and poisonous glands |
| What is the role of the mucus glands of amphibians? | It keeps them slimy and allows some of them to breathe. |
| Why are amphibians tied to water? | They have semi-porous, gelatinous eggs that would dry out if not in water |
| How does the Redback salamander which has no lungs breathe? | Through its skin |
| All amphibians secrete _________ to deter predators. | poison |
| What is the most poisonous toad in Michigan? | Grey Tree Toad |
| What frogs are used by indigenous people? | poison dart/arrow frogs |
| What is the most poisonous frog in the world? | Golden Poison Arrow Frog |
| Aposematic colored or ________________ poison frogs is used to ________. | brightly colored, warn predators |
| How do the Golden Poison Arrow Frogs obtain their poison? | eating ants |
| Life stages of amphibians. | egg, embryo, tadpole, front legs break through tadpole, pulmonary breathing starts in tadpole, tail is absorbed in tadpole, adult frog |
| Frogs use external fertilization which means | female sprays unfertilized eggs into water and male sprays its sperm on top |
| Amphibians are good environmental indicators which means that | they are susceptible to environmental change |
| Environmental indicator species are used to | monitor the environmental conditions |
| What are some environmental indicator species? | amphibians, clams, sponges, lichen |
| If there are declining populations of indicator species it means what? | the environment is in a poor condition |
| For decades around the world, there has been a decline in amphibians due to what? | Chytrid fungus |
| Reptiles include what? | turtles, crocodilians, lizards, snakes, tuatara |
| Some characteristics of reptiles | scaly skin, amniotic eggs, skin shedding |
| The major difference between amphibians and reptiles is what? | amniotic eggs |
| Amniotic egg means that | it has everything it needs to survive. |
| Reptilian eggs are soft or porous which does what? | allows inflow of oxygen and outflow of carbon dioxide |
| What is unique about all reptilian skin? | it is shed as the reptile grows. |
| Reptilian skin is made of what? | keratin |
| Within the reptilian egg is the allantois which does what? | stores waste |
| The chorion in a reptilian egg does what? | allows the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| What was the major advantage of an amniotic egg in evolution? | allowed for reptiles to get on land |
| The amniotic egg gave rise what? | dinosaurs, birds, and mammals |
| How many species of snakes are in Michigan? | 17 |
| What is the only venomous snake in Michigan? | Massasauga rattlesnake |
| Aves is the scientific name for what? | birds |
| Main characteristic of birds that sets them apart from all other animals. | feathers |
| Feathers are made of what? | keratin |
| What are some features of birds? | hollow like bones, endothermic, feathers, large sternum, some fly |
| How many times do hummingbirds beat their wings in 10 seconds? | 600 |
| What is the main thing that distinguishes mammals from other animals? | mammary glands |
| What are the 3 groups of mammals? | monotremata, marsupial, placental |
| Monotremata do what that distinguishes them from other mammals? | lay eggs |
| What are the 2 monotrematas? | duck billed platypus, spiny ant eater |
| The male platypus has what on its back leg? | venomous spur |
| Marsupials do what that distinguishes them from other mammals? | give birth to premature young that then crawl up the mother's body to a much and attach to a teat until mature. |
| Most marsupials are located where? | Australia |
| What is the only marsupial in North America? | opossum |
| The placenta is what? | A temporary structure that acts as a go between the embryo and the mother in which blood, oxygen, waste, and nutrients are exchanged. |
| What is the advantage of a placenta? | It allows the baby to stay inside the mother longer and develop more. |
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mbruzzano