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Environmental 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biosphere | All living things on Earth |
| Biome | A place with a particular climate and similar species |
| Ecosystem | All biotic and abiotic things in a given place |
| Community | All living organisms in a particular area |
| Population | A group of individuals of the same species in a given place/time |
| Species | A group of organisms that can successfully interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
| Habitat | Where organisms live (biotic and abiotic) |
| Ecological Niche | Role in the environment performed by an organism and the condition it requires |
| How are biomes characterized | According to their vegetation |
| What happens within biomes | Ecosystems form natural units with the nonliving, physical environment and community |
| Is this a community, population, ecosystem, or physical factor?: All the green frogs present in a rainforest | Population |
| Is this a community, population, ecosystem, or physical factor?: An entire forest | Ecosystem |
| Is this a community, population, ecosystem, or physical factor?: The humidity in a rainforest | Physical Factor |
| Is this a community, population, ecosystem, or physical factor?: A community of organisms and their environment | Ecosystem |
| Is this a community, population, ecosystem, or physical factor?: An association of different species interacting together | Community |
| Biomes father to the equator are... | Colder and dryer |
| Biomes closer from the equator are... | Warmer |
| What are abiotic factors that limit the northern extent of boreal forests | Weather conditions are harsh and cold so its harder for trees to grow |
| How variations in climate, geography, latitude, and altitude influence the global distribution of non-mineral ecosystem resources, such as water and wood | They control temperature, precipitation, and sunlight which determine where and how much vegetation grow |
| Within a habitat... | Each species population has a range of tolerance to variations in its physical and chemical properties |
| Fundamental Niche | The full range of environmental conditions (biological and physical) under which an organism can exist |
| Realized Niche | Indirect and direct interactions with other organisms that force the organism a niche lower than fundamental |
| Gause's Competetive Exclusion Principle | Two species with the same niche requirnements could not coexist because they would compete for the same recources |
| Fundamental or Realized Niche?: A plant species can potentially grow in a wide range of soil | Fundamental Niche |
| Fundamental or Realized Niche?: A deer is restricted to feeding only in areas where it can avoid predators | Realized Niche |
| Fundamental or Realized Niche?: A fish species can live in both freshwater and brackish water environments without competition | Fundamental Niche |
| Fundamental or Realized Niche?: A bird species only nests in the parts of a forest where there are no competing species | Realized Niche |
| Fundamental or Realized Niche?: A frog can survive in both temporary ponds and permanent lakes, but is found only in ponds where there are no fish predators | Realized Niche |
| Fundamental or Realized Niche?: A beetle species can potentially feed on a variety of plants, but in reality, it only feeds on a few due to competition with other insects | Realized Niche |
| Fundamental or Realized Niche?: A type of lichen can grow on many tree species, but is restricted to certain types due to competition | Realized Niche |
| Producers | Autotrophs - make their own food from simple, inorganic substances |
| Consumers | Heterotrophs - Obtain energy from other organisms - Ranked according to the trophic level they occupy - First Order (Primary), Second Order (Secondary), Third Order (Tertiary) |
| Food Chain | Sequence of organisms, each of which is a food source for the next |
| How much percent is lost through the tropic levels | About 10% |
| What is Sampling | Involves choosing a small area that represents the ecosystem and counting the organisms in that area |
| How does Sampling help us | The information is gathered from the sample and used to draw conclusions about that ecosystem - can tell if a population is aging or being reinvigorated with an increased birth rate |
| Community Composition | Sampling reveals which species are present in an ecosystem, helping to build a picture of community structure or identify species |
| Species Interactions | Sample data can be used to constuct models of species interactions - EX Food Webs or Pyramids - Information can be used to predict the effect of a change in the community |
| Species Distribution | How a particular species distributes in an ecosystem over time - Data can tell species geographical range and how it can be affected by environmental change |
| Species Abundance | Reveals information about species abundance - Can be used to indicate ecosystem health |
| Ecosystem Stability | Data used to predict how likely it is that an ecosystem will remain unchanged in characteristics |
| Conservation Management | Sampling provides a way to evaluate success. EX: Are endangered species increasing or decreasing |
| What can sampling tell us? | Population size, species distribution, age structure |
| Sampling Strategies | Random, Non-random, Systematic Sampling, Opportunistic or Convenience Sampling |
| Random Sampling | Fair, unbiased sampling |
| Non-random Sampling | Individuals don't have an equal chance of being selected. Faster + Cheaper |
| Systematic Sampling | Samples from a larger population are selected to a random starting point and periodic sampling interval - Random Sampling Method - EX: Individuals from a patient list |
| Opportunistic or Convenience Sampling | Non-Random Sampling Technique - Selecting the 5 closest people to you |
| Biodiversity | The variation of living organisms in a particular area |
| Species RIchness | The number of different species in a particular area |
| Relative Abundance | The number of individuals of a particular species in a particular area |
| Genetic Diversity | Variation in the genetic make up of species which provides the raw material for evolutionary adaptation |
| Speciation | The process b which species form |
| Endemic Species | A species only found in one location |
Created by:
Mehak P