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NT Ch 4
Nail disorders and diseases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| natural nail | the hard protective plate located at the end of the finger or toe |
| natural nail unit | all the anatomical parts of the fingernail necessary to produce the natural nail plate |
| onyx | the technical term for nail of the fingers or toes |
| nail folds | the folds of normal skin that surround the nail plate |
| nail groove | a slit or furrow on the sides of the nail |
| lateral nail fold | folds of normal skin that line the sides of the nail plate, also known as the sidewall |
| sidewall | folds of normal skin that line the sides of the nail plate, also known as the lateral nail fold |
| nail plate | a hard keratin plate on top of and slowly sliding across the nail bed as it grows; the most visible and functional part of the nail unit |
| free edge | the part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe |
| nail bed | portion of the living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge |
| bed epithelium | a thin layer of tissue between the nail plate and the nail bed |
| matrix | an area where the nail plate cells are formed; this area is composed of matrix cells that make up the nail plate |
| cuticle | the dead, colorless tissue attached to the nail plate |
| eponychium | living skin at the base of the nail plate and covering the matrix area |
| hyponychium | a slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and free edge of the nail plate. It forms a protective barrier that prevents microorganisms from invading and infecting the nail bed. |
| ligament | a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place |
| nail disorder | a condition caused by an injury or disease of the nail unit. |
| Beau's lines | visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate |
| bruised nailbed | a condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate, forming a dark purplish spot; this is usually due to physical injury |
| discolored nail | the nail turns a variety of colors, which can be surface staining, a disorder, or poor circulation |
| eggshell nail | a noticeably thin, white nail plate that is more flexible than normal |
| hangnail | a condition in which the eponychium or other living tissue surrounding the nail plate becomes split or torn |
| infected finger | visible redness, pain, swelling, broken skin, or pus. Refuse service and refer to physician |
| leukonychia | whitish discoloration found inside the nail plate, usually caused by injury to the nail matrix |
| melanonychia | significant darkening of the fingernails or toenails; may be seen as a black band under or within the nail plate, extending from the base to the free edge |
| nail psoriasis | a noninfectious condition that affects the surface of the nail plate, causing it to appear rough and pitted with reddish spots on the nail bed and onycholysis |
| nail pterygium | an abnormal condition that occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail plate; usually caused by serious injury or allergic reaction |
| onychophagy | bitten nail |
| onychorrhexis | split or brittle nails that also have a series of lengthwise ridges that give a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate |
| pincer nail | increased crosswise curvature throughout the nailplate caused by an increased curvature of the matrix |
| plicatured nail | also known as folded nail; a type of highly curved nail plate often caused by injury to the matrix, but that may be inherited |
| ridged nail | vertical lines running the length of the natural nail plate, usually related to normal aging. |
| splinter hemmorrhage | caused by physical trauma or injury to the nail bed, which damages the capillaries and allows small amounts of blood flow |
| onycholysis | seperation of the nail plate and bed, often due to injury or allergic reactions |
| onychocryptosis | ingrown nail; nail grows into the living tissue around the nail |
| onychomadesis | the seperation and falling off of a nail from the nail bed |
| onychomycosis | a fungal infection of the nail plate |
| onychosis | any deformity or disease of the nails |
| onychia | inflammation of the matrix of the nail with shedding of the nail |
| paronychia | a bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail; pus, redness, and swelling are usually present |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa | common bacteria that can cause infection and the test microorganism for a hospital disinfectant, which is the type of disinfectant that should be used in a salon |
| pyogenic granuloma | severe inflammation of the nail, in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate |
| tinea pedis | the medical term for fungal infections of the feet |
| trumpet nail | a disorder in which the edges of the nail plate curl around to form the shape of a trumpet or sharp cone at the free edge |
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