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Bio ch 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | basic unit of all forms of life |
| cell theory | fundamental concept in biology that states that all living organisms are composed of cells; that cells are the basic units of structure and function and function in living things; and that new cells are produced from existing cells |
| cell membrane | thin flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and exits the cell |
| nucleus | the center of an atom which contains protons and neutrons in cells structure that contains genetically encoded material in the form of DNA |
| eukaryote | organism whose cells contain a nucleus |
| prokaryote | unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus |
| cytoplasm | in eurokarotic cells all cellular contents outside the nucleus in prokaryotic cells all of the cells contents |
| organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions inside of a cell |
| vacuole | cell organelle that stores materials such as water salts proteins and carbs |
| lysosome | cell organelle that breaks down lipids carbs and proteins into smaller molecules that can be used by the rest of the cells |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments in eurokarotic cells that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in its movement |
| centriole | structure In an animal cell that helps to organize cell divisions |
| ribosome | cell oganelle that consists of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell th esite of protein synthesis |
| endoplasmic reticulum | internal membrane system that Is found in eurokaryotic cells; a place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled |
| golgi apparatus | organelle in cells that modifies sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell |
| chloroplast | organelle found in plant cells and some other organisms that absorbs sunlight and converts it to chemical energy |
| mitochondrion | cell organism that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more accessible to the rest of the cell |
| cell wall | strong supporting layer around the outside of the cell membrane in some cells |
| lipid bilayer | flexible double layer sheet that makes up cell membrane and forms a barrier |
| selectively permeable | property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass through but others to not also called semipermeable membrane |
| diffusion | process in which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated and an area where they are less concentrated |
| facilitated diffusion | process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the cell membranes in different channels |
| aquaporin | water channel protected within a cell |
| osmosis | diffusion of water though a selectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic | when the concentration of two solutions is the same |
| hypertonic | when comparing two solutions the one with the greater concentration of solutes |
| hypotonic | when comparing two solutions the one with the lesser concentration of solutes |
| osmotic pressure | pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across selectively permeable membrane |
| homeostasis | relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that an organism maintains |
| tissue | group of similar cells that perform the same functions |
| organ | group of tissues that work together to perform very close together functions |
| organ system | group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
| receptor | on or in a cell a specific protein to whose shape that fits that of a specific molecular messenger such as a hormone |
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