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Structure of Matter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is matter? | Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. You cannot see, taste, smell, or touch matter. (Light is not matter. It does not take up space, it does not have mass.) |
| Who thought the universe was made of empty space and tiny bits of stuff? | Democritus |
| What did Democritus call the tiny bits of stuff? | Atoms (they could no longer be split into smaller pieces). |
| What does atom mean? | "Cannot be divided." |
| Who was Lavoisier? | He was a French chemist who showed how matter changes. Ex. Wood and fire Iron and rust |
| What law did Lavoisier create? | Law of conservation of matter. |
| What does the Law of conservation of matter state? | Matter is not created or destroyed - it only changes form. |
| Who believed matter is made up of atoms that are too small to see? | Dalton |
| Each type of matter... | ...is made of the same type of atom. Ex. Gold is made up of gold atoms Iron is made up of iron atoms |
| Who used a cathode ray tube? | JJ Thomson |
| How is the ray tube sealed? | It was sealed on both ends with metal plates at each end. |
| Which end was which on the ray tube? | The anode is the positive side and the cathode is the negative side. (Rays would travel from the cathode to the anode which he could bend with a magnet.) |
| What did the anode and cathode show Dalton about the rays. | This showed him that the rays were made up of particles that have mass and a charge. |
| How was the electron discovered? | Through the experiment of the cathode ray tube. |
| What are electrons? | Negatively charged particles. |
| Who used gold foil and bombarded it with alpha particles? | Ernest Rutherford |
| What shot back at Ernest Rutherford's device? | Some of the positively charged particles. |
| Ernest Rutherford concluded that since most of the particles passed through, atoms were made up of what? | Empty space |
| Ernest thought the gold atoms contained some positively charged particles because why? | Some particles bounced back. |
| What is the nucleus? | The nucleus is the positively charged central part of the atom. |
| What is a proton? | The proton is the positively charged particles in the nucleus. |
| Once the alpha particles had hit the gold foil they did what? | They seemed to be heavier. |
| Who said the particles are not heavier themselves, but the atoms had given off new particles? | James Chadwick |
| What did James Chadwick call the particles that were not affected by an electrical field and had no charge? | Neutrons |
| What is a neutron? | Uncharged particle. |
| Who discovered that electrons are arranged in energy levels? | Niels Bohr |
| The lowest energy levels are closest to the nucleus and can only what? | Hold two electrons |
| What kind of level is further away from the nucleus and can contain more electrons? | High energy levels |
| What did some scientists think about electrons? | Electrons orbit the nucleus and they have specific distances to orbit around the nucleus. |
| Today we know that electrons have characteristics that are similar to... | ...waves and particles |
| Electrons' energy levels are not defined so,... | ...they do NOT orbit the nucleus like planets. |
| Electrons are the particles that move around in a what? | Electron cloud |
| What is a spherical cloud of varying densities? | Electron cloud |
| What shows where an electron might be? | Varying densities |
| Scientists have continued research on what? | Atoms |
| Scientists have broken down protons and neutrons into even smaller particles called what? | Quarks |
| What kind of particles can you combine to make other kinds of tiny particles. | Quarks |
| What are the six types of quarks? | Up, down, strange, charmed, top, and bottom. |
| Who made the periodic table? | Dmitri Mendeleev |
| What shows all known elements in the universe. | The periodic table |
| What organizes the elements by chemical properties? | The periodic table |
| What is the atomic number? | The number of protons found in or surrounding the nucleus of an atom. |
| What is the symbol? | An abbreviation of the element name |
| What is the atomic weight? | The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Number of protons equals what? | Atomic number |
| Number of electrons equals what? | Atomic number |
| How do you find the number of neutrons? | Atomic weight - atomic number |
| What is an element? | A substance composed of a single kind of atom. |
| Elements cannot be broken down into... | ...another substance by chemical or physical means. |
| What is a compound? | A substance in which two or more different elements are CHEMICALLY bonded together. |
| What is a mixture? | Two or more substances that are mixed together but are NOT chemically bonded. |
| Who found the neutron? | James Chadwick |
| Who found the nucleus? | Ernest Rutherford |
| Who found the electron? | JJ Thomson |
Created by:
poncmon31