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nervous system vocab
study guide for nervous system vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nervous System | a complex network of nerves and cells that transmits signals throughout the body, controlling both involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate, and voluntary actions like walking and thinking. |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body. In vertebrates it comprises the brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | the network of nerves located outside the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. |
| Brain | an organ of soft nervous tissue contained in the skull of vertebrates, functioning as the coordinating center of sensation and intellectual and nervous activity. |
| Gyrus (Gyri) | a ridge or fold between two clefts on the cerebral surface in the brain. |
| Sulcus (Sulci) | a groove or furrow, especially one on the surface of the brain |
| Cerebrum | the largest part of the brain, responsible for higher-level functions like thought, memory, and language |
| Frontal Lobe | home to areas that manage thinking, emotions, personality, judgment, self-control, muscle control and movements, memory storage and more |
| Parietal Lobe | processes your sense of touch and assembles input from your other senses into a form you can use |
| Temporal Lobe | processing auditory information, memory formation and retrieval, and language comprehension |
| Occipital Lobe | to process visual information received from the eyes |
| Cerebellum | a major brain structure located at the back and base of the brain that coordinates voluntary movements like posture, balance, coordination, and speech |
| Brain Stem | a vital part of the central nervous system that connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls involuntary functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure |
| Pons | a part of the brainstem, a brand of online dictionaries and translation services, or a medical device |
| Medulla Oblongata | helps control vital processes like your heartbeat, breathing and blood pressure |
| Spinal Cord | send motor commands from the brain to the body, send sensory information from the body to the brain, and coordinate reflexes. |
| Nerves | the body's communication network, transmitting electrical signals to and from the brain to control movement, process sensory information, and regulate involuntary bodily processes |
| Sensory Neuron | transmit sensory information from the body's peripheral organs and receptors to the central nervous system |
| Motor Neuron | transmit signals from the brain and spinal cord to control muscle movement and gland activity, enabling both voluntary and involuntary actions |
| Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) | damage to the brain caused by a violent blow, jolt, or bump to the head or body. |
| Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) | a progressive brain disease caused by repetitive head impacts, such as those from concussions or subconcussive hits |
| Concussion | a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by a blow, bump, or jolt to the head or body that causes the brain to rapidly move back and forth within the skull |
| Neurological Exam | a simple physical assessment that checks how your brain, spinal cord, and nerves are working by testing your mental status, coordination, balance, and reflexes |
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