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Economics Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| traditional economy | a system that relies on customs, history, and time-honored beliefs. |
| command economy | an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a government. |
| market economy | a type of economic system where supply and demand regulate the economy, rather than government intervention. |
| mixed economy | an economic system combining private and public enterprise. |
| barter | exchange (goods or services) for other goods or services without using money |
| supply & demand | relationship between the amount of a good that producers wish to sell at various prices and the amount that consumers wish to buy. |
| economic continuum | a method for categorizing an economy between command, market, or mixed. |
| consumers | a person who purchases goods and services for personal use. |
| producers | to produce a product or create a service |
| entrepreneur | a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so. |
| trade barrier | A barrier to trade is a government-imposed restraint on the flow of international goods or services. |
| embargo | an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country. |
| quota | government-imposed limit on the quantity of the goods or services that may be exported or imported |
| tariff | tax imposed by one country on the goods and services imported from another country. |
| import | bring (goods or services) into a country from abroad for sale. |
| export | send (goods or services) to another country for sale. |
| currency | a system of money in general use in a particular country. |
| literacy rate | the percentage of the population of a given age group that can read and write |
| standard of living | the degree of wealth and material comfort available to a person or community. |
| human capital | the skills, knowledge, and qualifications of a person, group, or workforce considered as economic assets |
| gross domestic product (GDP) | the total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's border |
| capital goods | goods that are used in producing other goods, rather than being bought by consumers. |
| specialization | the process of concentrating on and becoming expert in a particular subject or skill. |
| infrastructure | roads, bridges, communication systems, and Internet access |
| natural resource | land and materials found on Earth |
| regulate | to maintain, keep steady, control |
| three basic economic questions | What to produce? How to produce? For whom to produce? |
| economics | the science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services |
| scarcity | a limited supply of a good or service |
| surplus | to have more of a product than what people need or want |
| subsistence | to only have enough for you and your family |