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US History
Westward Expansion and Sectinalism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Corrupt Bargain of 1824 | A political scandal that arose when the Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, allegedly met with John Quincy Adams before the House election to break a deadlock. Adams was elected president against the popular vote and Clay was named Secretary of State. |
| American System | – the policy of promoting industry in the United States by adoption of a high protective tariff and of developing internal improvements by the federal government (as advocated by Henry Clay from 1816 to 1828) |
| National Republicans | a member of a political party formed in opposition to the Jacksonian Democrats and after being decisively defeated in the presidential election of 1832 fused with other elements to form the Whig party |
| Democrats | the older and more liberal of the two major political parties, who supported the policies of Andrew Jackson. |
| Jacksonian Democracy – | political movement toward greater democracy for the common man symbolized by American politician Andrew Jackson and his supporters. |
| Spoil System | – a practice where a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party. |
| Tariff of Abominations | a protective tariff passed by the Congress in 1828 designed to protect industry in the northern United States and was labeled the Tariff of Abominations by its effects Southern economy. |
| Nullification Crisis | South Carolina issued the Ordinance of Nullification, which declared both tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void within its boundaries because they believed it was unconstitutional. |
| Trail of Tears | – the forced relocation and movement of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act. |
| Second Great Awakening | a 19 th century religious movement in which individual responsibility for seeking salvation was emphasized, along with the need for personal and social movement. |
| Utopian Society – | – an experimental community designed to be a perfect society, in which its members could live together in harmony. |
| Reformer | a person who’s action was to improve social or economic conditions in society. |
| Temperance Movement | a social movement urging reduced or prohibited use of alcoholic beverages. |
| Cult of Domesticity – | a belief that the woman's role was within the home and remaining pure. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | took place in Seneca Falls, New York, in July 1848, was the first national women's rights convention. |
| Declaration of Sentiments | a document, written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, which demanded equality with men before the law, in education and employment and demanded that women be given the right to vote. |
| Suffrage – | the right to vote. |
| Civil Disobedience | the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest. |
| Manifest Destiny | belief that the expansion of the United States throughout the North American continent was both justified and inevitable. |
| 49ers | a migrant group that traveled to California during the gold rush of 1849. |
| Mormons | – a religious group who traveled west, to Utah, to escape religious persecution. |
| Annex/Annexation | to peacefully add an area or region to a country or state. |
| Oregon Territory | the region that was divided between the United States and Great Britain in 1846 by the Treaty of Oregon. |
| Gadsden Purchase - | purchased by the United States from Mexico in 1853 to ensure territorial rights for a practicable southern railroad route to the Pacific Coast. |
| Mexican-American War - | A war (1846-1848) between the United States and Mexico, resulting in the cession by Mexico of lands now constituting all or most of the states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado. |
| Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo | a treaty between the United States and Mexico, in 1848, that ended the Mexican War |
| Mexican Cession | territory surrendered to the United States from Mexico in 1848 by the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo at the end of the Mexican-American War. |
| Oregon Trail | a 2,000-mile (3,200 km) historic east-west large wheeled wagon route and emigrant trail that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon. |
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