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Reproductive
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The reproductive cells produced by the testes in males (sperm cells) and the ovaries in females (oocytes). | Gametes |
| Gametes produced in the testes of males. | Sperm Cells |
| Gametes produced in the ovaries of females. | Oocytes |
| A type of cell division that occurs only in the testis and ovary to form gametes. During meiosis, one cell undergoes two consecutive cell divisions to produce four daughter cells, each having half as many chromosomes as the parent cell. | Meiosis |
| The two copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere before meiosis begins. | Chromatids |
| Connects the two chromatids of a chromosome. | Centromere |
| The process during the beginning of meiosis where the 46 duplicated chromosomes align as pairs. | Synapsis |
| The event where part of a chromatid of one chromosome is exchanged with part of another chromatid from the other chromosome, allowing the exchange of genetic material. | Crossing Over |
| The name for the first meiotic division (Meiosis I) because the chromosome number is reduced from 46 (23 pairs) to 23 chromosomes. | Reduction Division |
| The cell that results after fertilization, receiving one set of chromosomes (23) from each parent. | Zygote |
| The male gonads; oval organs located outside the body cavity in the scrotum. | Testes |
| Another name for the testes. | Male Gonads |
| A saclike structure containing the testes. | Scrotum |
| Extensions of abdominal muscles that enter the scrotum and contract in cold temperatures to pull the testes closer to the body, increasing their temperature. | Dartos Muscles |
| The passage through the abdominopelvic cavity to the scrotum through which the testes descend. | Inguinal Canal |
| Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sac, resulting in sterility. | Cryptorchidism |
| An enlarged or ruptured inguinal canal through which a loop of intestine can protrude. | Inguinal Hernia |
| About 250 cone-shaped compartments that divide the interior of the testis. | Lobules |
| The site of sperm cell development, located within the lobules. | Seminiferous Tubules |
| Endocrine cells located outside the seminiferous tubules that secrete testosterone. | Interstitial Cells |
| Large cells within the seminiferous tubules that nourish the germ cells and produce hormones. | Sustentacular Cells |
| The formation of sperm cells. | Spermatogenesis |
| Cells partially embedded in the sustentacular cells; the most peripheral are spermatogonia. | Germ Cells |
| The most peripheral germ cells that divide through mitosis and are the cells from which sperm cells arise. | Spermatogonia |
| Daughter cells formed from spermatogonia that divide by meiosis to become sperm cells. | Primary Spermatocytes |
| Cells formed when a primary spermatocyte completes the first meiotic division. | Secondary Spermatocytes |
| Smaller cells formed when secondary spermatocytes undergo the second meiotic division; they structurally change to form mature sperm cells. | Spermatids |
| The mature male gamete, which develops from a spermatid by eliminating most of its cytoplasm and developing a head, midpiece, and flagellum (tail). | Sperm Cell |
| A vesicle anterior to the nucleus in the sperm head that contains enzymes released during fertilization to penetrate the oocyte. | Acrosome |
| A tubular network into which the seminiferous tubules converge. | Rete Testis |
| 15-20 tubules that carry sperm cells from the rete testis to the epididymis. | Efferent Ductules |
| A comma-shaped structure on the posterior side of the testis where sperm cells continue to mature, developing the capacity to swim and bind to the oocyte. | Epididymis |
| Final changes in sperm cells that occur after ejaculation of semen into the vagina and prior to fertilization. | Capacitation |
| A duct that emerges from the epididymis and ascends along the posterior side of the testis, becoming part of the spermatic cord. | Ductus Deferens |
| A structure formed by the ductus deferens and the blood vessels and nerves that supply the testis. | Spermatic Cord |
| The region where the ductus deferens increases in diameter just before reaching the prostate gland. | Ampulla of the Ductus Deferens |
| A sac-shaped gland located near the ampulla of each ductus deferens, producing about 60% of the fluid in semen. | Seminal Vesicle |
| A duct formed by the short duct from the seminal vesicle joining the ampulla of the ductus deferens. | Ejaculatory Duct |
| Extends from the urinary bladder to the distal end of the penis, serving as a passageway for both urine and male reproductive fluids. | Urethra |
| The part of the urethra that passes through the prostate gland. | Prostatic Urethra |
| The part of the urethra that passes through the floor of the pelvis. | Membranous Urethra |
| The part of the urethra that extends the length of the penis and opens at its end. | Spongy Urethra |
| A gland consisting of both glandular and muscular tissue that surrounds the urethra and the two ejaculatory ducts; it contributes about 30% of the fluid in semen. | Prostate Gland |
| A pair of small, mucus-secreting glands located near the base of the penis, contributing about 5% of the fluid in semen. | Bulbourethral |
| A mixture of sperm cells and secretions from the male reproductive glands. | Semen |
| The male organ of copulation (sexual intercourse) that functions in the transfer of sperm to the female. | Penis |
| The process where the penis enlarges and becomes firm due to the engorgement of erectile tissue with blood. | Erection |
| The two columns of erectile tissue that form the dorsal portion and the sides of the penis. | Corpora Cavernosa |
| The third, smaller erectile column that occupies the ventral portion of the penis, through which the spongy urethra passes. | Corpus Spongiosum |
| A cap formed by the expansion of the corpus spongiosum over the distal end of the penis. | Glans Penis |
| The foreskin, which is surgically removed during circumcision. | Prepuce |
| The surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin), usually shortly after birth. | Circumcision |
| A complex series of reflexes resulting in erection of the penis, secretion of mucus into the urethra, emission, and ejaculation. | Male Sex Act |
| The movement of sperm cells, mucus, prostatic secretions, and seminal vesicle secretions into the prostatic, membranous, and spongy urethra. | Emission |
| The final event of the male sexual act. | Ejaculation |
| Hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete LH and FSH. | Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone |
| Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that binds to interstitial cells in the testes and causes them to secrete testosterone. | Luteinizing Hormone |
| Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that binds primarily to sustentacular cells to promote sperm cell development and increase the secretion of inhibin. | Follicle-stimulating Hormone |
| A hormone secreted by sustentacular cells that has a negative-feedback effect on the secretion of FSH from the anterior pituitary gland. | Inhibin |
| The major male hormone secreted by the testes. It causes the enlargement of genitals and reproductive ducts, is necessary for spermatogenesis, and causes the development of male secondary sexual characteristics. | Testosterone |
| The sequence of events by which a child is transformed into a young adult, during which the reproductive system matures and assumes its adult functions. | Puberty |
| Structural and behavioral changes, other than in the reproductive organs, that develop at puberty and distinguish males from females. | Male Secondary Sexual Characteristics |
Created by:
Starwitness