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urinary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The major excretory system of the body, consisting of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra. | Urinary System |
| The primary excretory organs, which filter a large volume of blood and collect wastes to form urine. | Kidneys |
| The tube that carries the waste products from each kidney to a single urinary bladder. | Ureter |
| A single organ that collects waste (urine) carried by the ureters, which is then emptied by the urethra. | Urinary Bladder |
| The tube that empties waste (urine) from the urinary bladder. | Urethra |
| The waste fluid formed by the kidneys, consisting of excess water, excess ions, metabolic wastes, including the protein by-product urea, and toxic substances. | Urine |
| A protein by-product that is a metabolic waste found in urine. | Urea |
| The major function of the urinary system, which controls the composition and volume of body fluids by removing waste products from the blood. | Excretion |
| The location of the kidneys, meaning they are behind the peritoneum. | Retroperitoneal |
| A layer of connective tissue that surrounds each kidney. | Renal Capsule |
| The indentation on the medial side of each kidney where the renal artery and nerves enter, and the renal vein, ureter, and lymphatic vessels exit. | Hilum |
| A cavity that the hilum opens into, which contains blood vessels, part of the system for collecting urine, and adipose tissue. | Renal Sinus |
| The outer major region of the kidney. | Cortex |
| The inner major region of the kidney. | Medulla |
| Cone-shaped structures whose bases are at the boundary between the cortex and the medulla and whose tips (renal papillae) project toward the center of the kidney. | Renal Pyramids |
| A funnel-shaped structure that surrounds the tip of each renal pyramid and receives urine. | Calyx |
| A larger funnel formed by the joining of the calyces, which then narrows to form the ureter. | Renal Pelvis |
| The functional unit of the kidney. Each kidney contains approximately 1.3 million nephrons. | Nephron |
| The part of the nephron (in the cortex) where blood is filtered; it consists of the Bowman capsule and the glomerulus. | Renal Corpuscle |
| The enlarged, double-walled, indented end of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus. | Bowman Capsule |
| A tuft of capillaries that resembles a ball of yarn, lying within the indentation of the Bowman capsule. | Glomerulus |
| Specialized cells that form the inner (visceral) layer of the Bowman capsule and wrap around the glomerular capillaries. | Podocytes |
| The structure through which fluid passes from the blood into the Bowman capsule; it consists of (1) the endothelium of the glomerular capillaries, (2) the podocytes, and (3) the basement membrane. | Filtration Membrane |
| The fluid (water and solutes smaller than proteins) that is forced across the filtration membrane into the Bowman capsule. | Filtrate |
| The arteriole that supplies blood to the glomerulus for filtration. | Afferent Arteriole |
| The arteriole that transports the filtered blood away from the glomerulus. | Efferent Arteriole |
| The pressure gradient that forces fluid from the glomerular capillary across the filtration membrane into the Bowman capsule. | Filtration Pressure |
| The blood pressure within the glomerulus; the major force causing fluid movement into the Bowman capsule. | Glomerular Capillary Pressure |
| The pressure inside the Bowman capsule (from existing filtrate), which resists the movement of fluid into the capsule. | Capsular Pressure |
| The pressure inside the glomerular capillary (produced by blood proteins) that resists filtration by favoring fluid movement back into the capillary by osmosis. | Colloid Osmotic Pressure |
| A part of the nephron receiving fluid from the Bowman capsule, and the primary site for the reabsorption of solutes and water. | Proximal Convoluted Tubule |
| A part of the nephron with sections in both the cortex and medulla, consisting of a descending limb and an ascending limb. | Loop of Henle |
| A part of the nephron that receives filtered fluid from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. | Distal Convoluted Tubule |
| A tube that receives fluid from several distal convoluted tubules and carries it from the cortex to a single papillary duct. | Collecting Duct |
| Formed by the merging of multiple collecting ducts, these ducts empty their contents into a calyx. | Papillary Duct |
| Approximately 15% of nephrons, which have loops of Henle that extend deep into the medulla. | Juxtamedullary Nephrons |
| The remaining 85% of nephrons, which have loops of Henle that do not extend deep into the medulla. | Cortical Nephrons |
| The movement of materials across the filtration membrane into the Bowman capsule to form filtrate, separated based on size or charge. | Filtration |
| The movement of substances (solutes and water) from the filtrate across the wall of the nephron back into the interstitial fluid and then into the peritubular capillaries. About 99% of the original filtrate is reabsorbed. | Tubular Reabsorption |
| The process where certain tubule cells actively transport solutes from the blood into the filtrate. | Tubular Secretion |
| An important regulatory structure located next to the glomerulus. | Juxtaglomerular Apparatus |
| Specialized smooth muscle cells found in the afferent arteriole where it enters the renal corpuscle, forming part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. | Juxtaglomerular Cells |
| A group of specialized cells in the distal convoluted tubule that lies next to the renal corpuscle, forming part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. | Macula Densa |
| Branches of the renal artery that pass between the renal pyramids. | Interlobar Arteries |
| Branches from the interlobar arteries that arch between the cortex and the medulla. | Arcuate Arteries |
| Branches off the arcuate arteries that project into the cortex. | Interlobular Arteries |
| Capillaries that branch from the efferent arterioles and surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules and the loops of Henle. | Peritubular Capillaries |
| Specialized portions of the peritubular capillaries that extend deep into the medulla of the kidney and surround the loops of Henle and collecting ducts. | Vasa Recta |
| Are chemicals that increase the rate of urine formation | Diuretics |
Created by:
Starwitness