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FOH Ch 40
Respiratory Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cardiopulmonary | Combination of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems |
| Cardiovascular | The heart and blood vessels |
| Oxygenation | Process of providing life-sustaining oxygen to the body's cells |
| Cilia | Microscopic hair-like projections that propel trapped material and mucus toward the upper airway so they can be removed by coughing |
| Lungs | The main organs of respiration, located within the thoracic cavity |
| Alveoli | Small air sacs located at the end of the terminal bronchioles. The sight of gas exchange. |
| Surfactant | a detergent-like phospholipid that reduces the surface tension between the moist membranes of the alveoli, preventing their collapse |
| Pulmonary ventilation | The movement of air into and out of the lungs. |
| Respiration | Involves gas exchange between the atmosphere air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries. |
| Perfusion | The process by which oxygenated capillary blood passes through body tissues. |
| Inspiration/Inhalation | The active phase of ventilation, involves movement of muscles and the thorax to bring air into the lungs. |
| Expiration?exhalation | The passive phase of ventilation, the movement of air out of the lungs. |
| Diffusion | The movement of gas or particles from areas of higher pressure or concentration to areas of lower pressure or concentration. (How gas exchange happens) |
| Atelectasis | Incomplete lung expansion or collapse of the alveoli. Prevents pressure changes and the exchange of gas by diffusion in the lungs. |
| Medulla of the brain | The location of the respiratory center, immediately above the spinal cord. |
| Hypoxia | A condition in which an inadequate amount of oxygen is available to the cells. |
| Dyspnea | Difficulty breathing |
| Common signs of hypoxia | Anxiety, restlessness, confusion, and drowsiness |
| Hypoventilation | Decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs |
| Internal respiration | The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the circulating blood and the tissue cells. |
| Sinoatrial node (SA) | Initiates the transmission of electrical impulses, causing contraction of the heart at regular intervals. Often referred to as the "pacemaker" of the heart. |
| Atrioventricular node (AV) | The second receiver of electrical impulse of the heart. |
| Atrioventricular bundle | Bundle of His. Receives the electrical impulse from the AV node |
| Dysrhthmia | Also referred to as arrhythmia. A disturbance of the rate and/or rhythm of the heart. |
| Ischemia | Caused by decreased oxygen supply to the heart caused by insufficient blood supply. Can lead to angina and myocardial infarction |
| Angina | A temporary imbalance between the amount of oxygen needed by the heart and the amount delivered to the heart muscles, causing chest pain or discomfort |
| Myocardial infarction | A type of acute coronary syndrome characterized by the death of heart tissue due to lack of oxygen. Also know as a heart attack. |
| Heart failure | Occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood supply, resulting in inadequate perfusion and oxygenation of tissues. Symptoms include shortness of breath, edema, and fatigue. |
| Hyperventilation | Increased rate and depth of ventilation, above the body's normal metabolic requirements. Can lead to a lowered level of arterial carbon dioxide. |
| Tachypnea | Increased respiratory rate |
| Bradypnea | Decreased respiratory rate |
| Vesicular | Low-pitched soft sounds heard over peripheral lung fields |
| Bronchial | Loud high-pitched sounds heard primarily over the trachea and larynx |
| Bronchovesisular | Medium-pitched blowing sounds heard over the major bronchi |
| Adventitious | Extra abnormal sounds of breathing such as wheezing or crackles. |
| Crackles | Frequently heard on inspiration, are soft, high-pitched discontinuous (intermittent) popping sounds. |
| Expected lung sounds when sputum is in the airways | Coarse crackles that are soft, high-pitched, and discontinuous (intermittent) |
| Arterial blood gas | A diagnostic procedure that measures arterial blood pH, acid-base values, and oxygenation status |
| Electrocardiogram | A recorded record of electrical currents of the heart. The data can be used to identify myocardial ischemia and infarction, heart damage, rhythm and conduction disturbances, chamber enlargement, electrolyte imbalances, and drug toxicity |
| Spirometer | An instrument that measures lung volumes and airflow |
| Pulse oximetry | A noninvasive technique used to measure the peripheral arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation. |
| Capnography | A technique used to measure the carbon dioxide level in expired gas. Noninvasive method to monitor and evaluate respiratory function and ventilation |
| Sputum | Respiratory secretion expelled by coughing or clearing the throat |
| Tracheostomy | AN artificial opening made into the trachea, usually at the level of the second or third cartilaginous ring |
| Tracheostomy tuve | A curved tube inserted into the tracheostomy opening |
| Subcutaneous emphjysema | A result of air or gas collecting under the skin |
Created by:
spaige