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Chemistry

Grade 12: Organic Chemistry

TermDefinition
Organic molecules Molecules containing carbon atoms.
Hydrocarbon Organic compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon only.
Homologous series A series of organic compounds that can be described by the same general formula. (In which one member differs from the next with a CH2 group)
Functional group A bond or an atom or a group of atoms that determine(s) the physical and chemical properties of a group of organic compounds
Saturated compounds Compounds in which there are no multiple bonds between C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains.
Unsaturated compounds Compounds with one or more multiple bonds between C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains
Molecular formula A chemical formula that indicates the element and numbers of each of the atoms in a molecule.
Structural formula A structural formula of a compound shows which atoms are attached to which within the molecule. Atoms are represented by their chemical symbols and lines are used to represent ALL the bonds that hold the atoms together.
Condensed structural formula This notation shows the way in which atoms are bonded together in the molecule but DOES NOT SHOW ALL bond lines.
Structural isomer Organic molecules with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae
Chain isomers Same molecular formula, but different types of chains.
Positional isomers Same molecular formula, but different positions of the side chain, substituents or functional groups on the parent chain.
Functional isomers Same molecular formula, but different functional groups.
Hydrohalogenation The addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene
Halogenation The reaction of a halogen (Br2, Cℓ2) with a compound
Hydration The addition of water to a compound
Hydrogenation The addition of hydrogen to an alkene
Dehydrohalogenation of haloalkanes The elimination of hydrogen and a halogen from a haloalkane
Dehydration of alcohols Elimination of water from an alcohol
Cracking of alkanes The chemical process in which longer chain hydrocarbon molecules are broken down to shorter more useful molecules.
Hydrolysis The reaction of a compound with water
Halogenation of alkanes The reaction of a halogen (Br2, Cℓ2) with a compound.
Boiling point The temperature at which the vapour pressure of a substance equals atmospheric pressure
Melting point The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are at equilibrium.
Vapour pressure The pressure exerted by a vapour at equilibrium with its liquid in a closed system.
Created by: StiKManLabs
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