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Unit One Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alpha Dog | The highest ranking dog in any group |
| Behavior Modification Programs | Training courses that use rewards and reprimands to stimulate changes in behavior |
| Behaviorism | The ethological approach that holds that behavior is learned rather than genetically programmed |
| Breaking Litter Box Training | Soiling outside the litter box |
| Breeding | Behaviors that produce and provide for a new generation |
| Carnivorous | Meat Eating |
| Classical Conditioning | The type of conditioning that associated stimuli that occur at approximately the same time or in roughly the same area |
| Classical Ethology | Asserts that much of what animals know is instinctive or innate |
| Classroom | dog training session conducted with other dogs and owners, geared to familiarize a dog with other dogs and strangers, thereby minimizing aggressive tendencies |
| Conditioned Stimulus | Sensory input unrelated to a simple reflex behavior |
| Corrective Collar | A sliding chain collar, also known as a choke collar or choke chain designed to apply pressure on a dogs neck with a slight tug |
| Courtship | Attracting a mate |
| Dance | A complex pattern of movements performed by a bee that directs other bees to a food source |
| Estrus | The second stage of heat, during which the female becomes fertile |
| Ethology | The study of animal behavior |
| Evolution | A scientific theory that characterizes all related organisms as descended from common ancestors |
| Feeding | The taking or giving of food |
| Fixed Action Pattern | A term used by early ethologists to describe stereotypical or predictable species behaviors |
| Function | In ethological terms, survival value |
| Grooming | Keeping clean and free of parasites |
| Habituation | The process of learning that certain objects and events have little bearing on survival and can thus be ignored |
| Hackles | The hairs over the neck and back that stand up in response to fright or anger |
| Heat | The female fertile cycle |
| Herbivores | Animals that don’t eat other animals or insects |
| Hermaphrodites | Organisms equipped with both male and female sexual organs |
| Hoarding | Storing surplus food against future need |
| House Soiling | urinating or defecating inside the home |
| Imprinting | The acquisition in the very young of certain fixed action patterns |
| Innate | Instinctive |
| Instinct | A combination of unlearned responses characteristic of a species |
| Instrumental Learning | Learning by trial and error |
| Jacobson's Organ | A tiny opening in a cats mouth that combines smell and taste to record and locate smells more precisely |
| Kennel Training | Intensive dog training sessions that involve boarding the dog at a kennel for a period of two weeks or longer |
| Locomotion | Movement or the ability to move from one place to another |
| Mapping | The process and animal uses to assess a new environment |
| Mating | The process that combines both parents genetic material |
| Migration | Movement of living things from one geographic area to another by their own volition |
| Natural Selection | The process that awards survival and reproductive success to individuals and groups best adjusted to their environment |
| Naturalists | Natural scientists |
| Nature-Nurture Controversy | The importance of learning versus the importance of instinct |
| Navigation | Animals are guided by the sun, stars, and features of the land |
| Operant Conditioning | The type of conditional learning that associates a certain activity known as the operant with punishment or reward |
| Operant | Functioning or tending to produce effects |
| Parental Behavior | The various techniques employed by the animals to provide for their offspring |
| Play | Animal activity that shows no direct or immediate bearing upon survival |
| Preen | What bird do to pluck away soiled feathers parasites and undesirable particles |
| Private Lessons | dog training sessions conducted in the owners home or occasionally at the trainers studio or classroom the trainer works closely with both owner and dog to instill basic commands or resolve problems |
| Proestrus | the first stage of heat, during which the female isn’t fertile |
| Recognition of individuals | the process that allows animals to distinguish their place in a social context broader than their relationship with primary caregivers |
| Sensitive Period | A specific stage early in an animals life when imprinting occurs |
| Shake Can | A can with pebbles or coins in it designed to startle a dog back to attention |
| Social Behavior | The ways individual Members of the same species interact with one another |
| Socialization | The process of adapting to contact with others |
| Sociobiology | The study of the biological bases of social behavior |
| Spatial Learning | Mapping |
| Spraying | Staining surfaces with strong smelling urine |
| Stimulus Response Theory | The psychological school of thought that holds all complex forms of behavior, including emotions, thoughts, and habits, are complex muscular and glandular responses that can be observed and measured. |
| Territorial | Prone to defining and defending areas of sleep, eating, exercise and play |
| Throw Chain | A chain thats thrown on the ground to startle a dog bag to attention |
| Training Leash | a six foot long leach allowing the dog some freedom of movement while still affording ample control |
| Unconditioned Response | A simple reflex behavior |
| Unconditioned Stimulus | Sensory input that produces a simple reflex behavior |
| Wobble | A training maneuver designed to disorient a bird by abruptly dropping the hand its perched upon |
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