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NUCLEAR CHEM

Unit 5 test

QuestionAnswer
Q: What is a radioisotope? A: An isotope that is unstable and therefore radioactive.
Q: Why are elements with atomic numbers greater than 83 radioactive? A: Their nuclei are unstable.
Q: How do you determine nuclear stability for small elements? A: A 1:1 ratio of protons to neutrons usually means stability.
Q: What are isotopes? A: Atoms of the same element (same # of protons) with different numbers of neutrons.
Q: Give an example of isotopic notation using carbon. A: ¹²C or C-14.
Q: List the common types of nuclear radiation. A: Alpha, beta, positron, and gamma.
Q: Which nuclear radiation has the highest penetrating power? A: Gamma.
Q: Which nuclear radiation has the lowest penetrating power? A: Alpha.
Q: What is the product of radioactive decay called? A: The daughter isotope.
Q: What must be conserved in a nuclear equation? A: Total charge (atomic number) and total mass number.
Q: What is natural transmutation? A: A spontaneous radioactive decay that requires one reactant.
Q: What is artificial transmutation? A: A change in the nucleus caused by bombarding it with high-energy particles (requires two reactants).
Q: What is nuclear fission? A: The splitting of a heavy nucleus into smaller nuclei.
Q: What is nuclear fusion? A: The combining of two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus.
Q: Which releases more energy—fission or fusion? A: Fusion.
Q: What is half-life? A: The time it takes for half of the atoms in a sample to decay.
Q: Does the half-life of an isotope change? A: No, each isotope has a constant half-life.
Q: What are the uses of C-14? A: Dating organic materials.
Q: What are the uses of U-238? A: Dating geological materials (rocks).
Q: What are tracers used for? A: Tracking chemical and biological processes (P-31 for plants, C-14 for organic).
Q: What radioisotopes are used for medical treatment? A: I-131 (thyroid), Co-60 (tumors), Tc-99 (medical imaging).
Created by: cvarella10
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