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Chapter 5
Muscular System: Diseases & Conditions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adhesion | Scar tissue that can develop post-injury, it abnormally bids muscle fibers or muscles together. This spot won't be as stretchy anymore and more susceptible to future damage long-term. |
| Ataxia | Inability to coordinate voluntary muscle activity; characterized by shaky, unsteady movements (proprioception). |
| Atrophy | Wasting away or shrinkage of muscle size. Could be because of lack of use or other pathology. |
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) | Disorder marked by pain, burning, and itching or tingling due to an inflamed median nerve and tendons in the wrist; commonly associated with repetitive activity and/or overuse. |
| Contracture | Permanent tightening of skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and fascia (a band or sheet of fibrous tissue that encloses muscle tissue); most commonly due to lack of use or immobilization. Common in DMD and paralyzed patients. |
| Convulsion | A sudden, abnormal, involuntary contraction (or series of contractions) of the muscles. |
| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) | Progressive disease that weakens the muscles of the shoulder and pelvic girdle. |
| Dystaxia | Partial ataxia; a mild form of ataxia (lack of muscular coordination that produces shaky, unsteady movements). It's basically bad coordination or the patient having difficulty coordinating. |
| Fasciitis | Inflammation of the fascia (a band or sheet of fibrous tissue that encloses a muscle or group of muscles). |
| Flaccidity | Condition or state in which muscles are flabby, relaxed, or have defective or absent tone. (Tone is the normal amount of tension present in the muscles when resting.) |
| Hemiparesis | Weakness or slight paralysis on one side of the body. |
| Hemiplegia | Total paralysis on one side of the body. |
| Hypertrophy | Excessive growth or abnormal enlargement of a muscle. |
| Hypotonia | Loss of muscle tone (tension). |
| Impingement Syndrome | Condition where tendons of the shoulder become impinged, or compressed, by the bones of the shoulder. |
| Muscular Dystrophy (MD) | Genetic disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness and skeletal muscle deterioration. |
| Myalgia/Myodynia | Pain in the muscle(s). |
| Myasthenia Gravis | Chronic autoimmune disease characterized by voluntary muscle weakness that worsens after activity and improves after rest. |
| Myocele | Herniation or protrusion of muscle through a tear in the fascia. |
| Myolysis | Degeneration or deterioration of muscle tissue. |
| Myoma | Tumor of/in the muscle. |
| Leiomyoma | Malignant tumor of the smooth muscle. |
| Rhabdomyoma | Benign tumor consisting of striated muscle that occurs on or in the smooth muscle of the heart. |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) | Malignant tumor of the skeletal muscle. |
| Myomalacia | Abnormal softening of muscle tissue. |
| Myoparesis | Weakness or mild muscle paralysis. |
| Myorrhexis | Rupture or tearing of a muscle. |
| Myositis | Inflammation of a muscle. |
| Paraplegia | Paralysis of both legs and, often, the lower trunk. |
| Paresthesia | Abnormal sensation that typically is not painful, such as tingling, numbness, itching, prickling, or burning. An example of a common form of temporary paresthesia is when your foot "falls asleep," causing a "pins and needles" sensation after you have sat |
| Plantar Fasciitis | Inflammation of the plantar fascia (the thick band of tissue in the sole of the foot between the heel and the toes), resulting in heel pain. |
| Quadriplegia | Paralysis of all four extremities. |
| Sarcopenia | Loss of muscle mass, strength, & function as a result of aging. |
| Rigor/Rigidity | Muscular stiffness/stiff muscle, as in rigor mortis. Stiffness that occurs in dead bodies due to chemical changes in the muscles. |
| Shin Splint | Painful condition caused by muscle tearing away from the tibia (the lower leg bone). |
| Spasm | Involuntary sudden movement or convulsic muscular contraction. This kind fo movement is called spastic. |
| Sprain | The stretching or tearing of a ligament, which connects bone to bone. |
| Strain | The stretching or tearing of a muscle or tension, the latter of which connects muscle to bone; pulled muscle or pulled tendon. |
| Tenalgia/Tenodynia | Pain in the tendon. |
| Tendinitis/Tendonitis | Inflammation of a tendon. |
| Tetany | A state of sustained muscular contraction. |
| Tremor | An involuntary, repetitive shaking or quivering of a part of parts of the body. causes include illnesses (ex: Parkinson's Disease), fever, or hypothermia. |
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