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Muscular System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Function of Muscles | Movement, support/position, strengthening, and maintaining body temperature (ie:shivering &contraction). |
| Elastic | Return to normal position |
| Extensible | Get longer |
| Contractile | Get shorter |
| Excitable | Electrons create electricity, which lead to a response. |
| Important: | Cannot make more muscle fibers, skeletal and cardiac at least, but can make fibers larger, need to stretch and thicken fibers for muscles to function. |
| Atrophy | Smaller muscle fibers, happens with no movement |
| Hypertrophy | Muscle fibers become longer . |
| Origin | Where muscle starts, does not move |
| Insertion | Where muscle will go |
| Fascia | A sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and separates different structures, including muscle groups, organs, and bones surrounding myofibrils. |
| Epimysium | The fibrous connective tissue sheath that encloses an entire individual muscle. |
| Tendon | Bone to muscle |
| Aponeurosis | Muscle to muscle |
| Fascicles | Bundle of muscle fiber |
| Perimysium | Membrane around fascicles with fat inside |
| Endomysium | Membrane around single fiber, with fat inside as well. |
| Isotonic | Contraction moves a load, concentric shortens, while eccentric elongates. |
| Isometric | Stay still; doesn't move |
| Tone | State of partial contraction/readiness. If you are out of tone, you are out of consciousness. |
| Changing force of contractions | Number of myofibrils stimulated also can increase, biceps have lots of fibers, fingers have a few, misjudgment. |
| Muscle Energy | ATP regeneration (5 seconds), creatine phosphate - phosphorylates ADP (10 seconds), anaerobic (40 seconds). Aerobic respiration trains the body to go through this faster. |
| Muscle fiber/myofibril | Term for muscle cell and myofibrils make up the cell. |
| Sarcolemma | Muscle membrane (cell) |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | Stores Calcium |
| Sarcoplasm | Flute/solution in between fibers, and not in abundance. |
| Myosin | Thick protein filament |
| Actin | Thin protein filament |
| Tropomyosin | Goes with actin, protects binding site |
| Troponin | Attached to tropomyosin and binds to Calcium |
| I-band | Just actin |
| A-band | Myosin and ends of actin |
| H-zone | Only myosin |
| M-line | Middle of myosin |
| Z-line | Ends of the sarcomere |
| Sarcomere | Unit of muscle cell (contractile) |
| Fatigue | No contractions, mental fatigue: get past, ion imbalance: Ca, K, Na, and rarely complete lack of ATP. Must replenish O2, 40% of ATP is used as heat, while 60% is lost as heat. |
| Aerobic Exercise | Aerobic endurance (exercise), running, biking, more mitochondria, and capillaries. |
| Anaerobic Exercise/Resistance | Weight, stretching, makes fibers bigger |
| Overload principle | Maxing out, make sure muscle fibers don't snap |
| Smooth muscles | Walls of hollow organs, especially tubes, longitudinal and circular, peristalsis (alternating contractions for mixing anf squeezing). |
Created by:
nuhaSalim