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body system
medical Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| AIDS | Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
| NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| LASER | Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation |
| RADAR | Radio Detection and Ranging |
| SCUBA | Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus |
| ABBREVIATIONS | MEANING |
| Dr. | Doctor |
| etc. | Et cetera |
| vs. | Versus |
| approx. | Approximately |
| temp. | Temperature |
| EPONYM | DESCRIPTION |
| Alzheimer’s disease | Named after Alois Alzheimer, who first described it |
| Parkinson’s disease | Named after James Parkinson |
| Fallopian tubes | Named after Gabriele Falloppio |
| Hodgkin’s lymphoma | Named after Thomas Hodgkin |
| Crohn’s disease | Named after Burrill Crohn |
| BODY SYSTEM | FUNCTION |
| Circulatory system | Transports blood, nutrients, gases |
| Respiratory system | Facilitates breathing and gas exchange |
| Digestive system | Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients |
| Nervous system | Controls body activities via electrical signals |
| Muscular system | Enables movement and maintains posture |
| Medical Term | Meaning |
| Neuropathy | Nerve damage/disease |
| pancreas | Releasing of insulin to control blood sugar. |
| Adrenal glands | Produce adrenaline for stress response |
| Thyroid gland | Regulates metabolisms and energy. |
| Pituitary gland | The master gland controlling other glands. |
| Hormone | Chemical messenger that affects body activities. |
| LYMPHATIC SYSTEM | |
| T-cells | Immune cells that flight infections. |
| Thymus | Where T-cells mature. |
| Spleen | Cleans blood and helps fight infection. |
| Lymph nodes | Filters that trap germs. |
| Lymph | Fluid that carries immune cells. |
| CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM | |
| Blood pressure | Force of blood against vessel walls. |
| Capillaries | Tiny blood vessels for nutrient and gas exchange. |
| Veins | Bring blood back to the heart. |
| Arteries | Carry blood away from the heart. |
| Heart | Organ that pumps blood. |
| Alveoli | Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen moves into the blood and carbon dioxide leaves it. |
| Bronchi | The two main air passages that branch off the trachea and carry air into each lung. |
| Dyspnea | Trouble breathing or feeling short of breath. |
| Tachypnea | Abnormally fast breathing. |
| Hypoxia | A low level of oxygen in the body tissues. |
| Peristalsis | Wave-like muscle movements that push food through the digestive tract. |
| Gastritis | Inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining. |
| Hepatomegaly | An enlarged liver. |
| Dyspepsia | Indigestion or discomfort in the upper abdomen. |
| Colonoscopy | A procedure where a scope is used to examine the inside of the large intestine. |
| Nephron | The basic filtering unit of the kidney that removes waste from the blood. |
| Hematuria | Blood present in the urine. |
| Dysuria | Painful or difficult urination. |
| Oliguria | Producing a very small amount of urine. |
| Cystitis | Inflammation of the bladder, often due to infection. |
| Retina | Light-sensitive layer of the eye. |
| Olfactory bulb | Structure for sense of smell. |
| Taste buds | Sensory organs for taste. |
| Cornea | Transparent front part of the eye. |
| Cochlea | Spiral structure in the inner ear for hearing. |
| Epidermis – Outer layer of the skin. | Outer layer of the skin. |
| Dermis | Inner layer beneath the epidermis. |
| Melanin | Pigment that gives skin its color. |
| Sebaceous gland | Oil-producing gland in the skin. |
| Keratin | Protein that strengthens skin, hair, and nails. |
| Ovary | Produces eggs and hormones. |
| Fallopian tube | Transports eggs to the uterus. |
| Endometrium | Uterine lining for implantation. |
| Cervix | Lower part of the uterus. |
| Vagina | Muscular canal leading outside the body. |
| Aorta | Largest artery in the body. |
| Capillaries | Tiny vessels for nutrient and gas exchange. |
| Atrium | Upper chamber of the heart. |
| Myocardium | Heart muscle tissue. |
| Ventricle | Lower chamber of the heart. |
| Epididymis | Stores and matures sperm. |
| Vas deferens | Transports sperm to urethra. |
| Testis | Produces sperm and testosterone. |
| Penis | External organ for reproduction and urination. |
| Prostate gland | – Produces seminal fluid. |
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