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Unit 5: Greece
World History Pre AP Unit 5: Ancient Greece
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Knossos | city in ancient Crete, the principle center of Minoan civilization that dominated the Aegean between about 1600 B.C. and 1400 B.C. Excavations beginning in 1900 discovered a palace and surrounding buildings of a sophisticated culture. |
| Shrine | altar, chapel, or other sacred place |
| Fresco | colorful painting completed on wet plaster |
| Trojan | military conflict around 1250 B.C. between Mycenae and Troy, a rich trading city in present-day Turkey, described in Homer’s epic poems, the Illiad and the Odyssey |
| Strait | narrow water passage |
| Homer | (c. 750 B.C.), according to tradition the author of the epic poems, the Illiad and the Odyssey, is thought to have traveled from village to village singing about heroic deeds of warriors during the Trojan War |
| Polis | city-state in ancient Greece |
| Acropolis | highest and most fortified point within a Greek city-state |
| Citizen | a native or resident of a town or city |
| Monarchy | government in which a king or queen exercises central power |
| Aristocracy | government headed by a privileged minority or upper class |
| Oligarchy | government in which ruling power belongs to a few people |
| Phalanx | in ancient Greece, a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers |
| Sparta | city-state in ancient Greece settled by the Dorians and built as a military state |
| Athens | city-state in ancient Greece that evolved from a monarchy to a limited direct democracy and became famous for its great cultural achievements |
| Democracy | government in which the people hold ruling power |
| Tyrant | in ancient Greece, ruler who gained power by force |
| Legislature | lawmaking body |
| Alliance | formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another’s defense |
| Direct Democracy | system of government in which citizens participate directly in the day-to-day affairs of government rather than through elected representatives |
| Stipend | a fixed salary given to public office holders |
| Jury | group of people with authority to make a decision in a legal case |
| Ostracism | practice used in ancient Greece to banish or send away a public figure who threatened democracy |
| Pericles | (495 B.C.–429 B.C.) was an Athenian statesman in the 400s B.C. who led Athens during its golden age of cultural achievement under democratic government |
| Philosopher | someone who seeks to understand and explain life; a person who studies philosophy |
| Logic | rational thinking |
| Parthenon | the chief temple of the Greek goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece |
| Tragedy | in ancient Greece, a play about human suffering often ending in disaster |
| Rhetoric | art of skillful speaking |
| Comedy | In Ancient Greece, a play that mocked people or social customs |
| Socrates | (469 B.C.–399 B.C.) was an Athenian stonemason and philosopher who sought truth by questioning, as described in dialogues written by Plato. |
| Aristotle | (384 B.C.–322 B.C.), a student of Plato, was a philosopher, writer about many branches of knowledge, founder of the Lyceum, and tutor of Alexander the Great. |
| Herodotus | (c. 484 B.C.–c. 425 B.C.), often called “Father of History,” traveled throughout the ancient Mediterranean world, collecting info for his chronicles of past events, including the Persian wars. |
| Plato | (437 B.C.–347 B.C.), a student of Socrates, was an Athenian thinker, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens. |
| Hellenistic Culture | Legacy of Alexander the great. Blending of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian Culture. |
| Assassination | murder of a public figure, usually for political reasons |
| Assimilate | assembly line |
| Alexandria | Founded in 332 B.C. by Alexander the Great, the Egyptian city of Alexandria became a major Mediterranean hub, famous for the Pharos lighthouse, its markets, and its influential Museum and library. |
| Heliocentric | based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe |
| Alexander The Great | (356–324 B.C.) succeeded his father Philip II at age 20. A pupil of Aristotle, he conquered the Persian empire across Asia Minor, Palestine, and Egypt before his troops refused to proceed past India. He died in Babylon at age 32. |
| Phillip II | II (359–336 B.C.) built Macedonia's army, unified the Greek city-states through alliances and conquest (including defeating Athens and Thebes at Chaeronea), and controlled all of Greece before his assassination ended his plan to conquer Persia. |
| Phythagoras | (570–c. 490 B.C.), a Greek philosopher and mathematician, studied number theory, influenced thinkers like Plato, founded an academy, and is best known today for the Pythagorean Theorem regarding right triangles. |
| Archimedes | (c. 287–c. 212 B.C.), a Hellenistic mathematician and inventor from Syracuse, is known for understanding levers, discovering the volume of a sphere, and inventing the Archimedes screw for raising water. |
Created by:
Anwaar Khan