Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
AST-A 100: Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Astro-Metric Method for Extrasolar Planet Detection | A telescope with a calibrated grid is locked on the stars in the background of the star we're observing |
| Chromosphere | 10,000 Kelvin, emits UV light |
| Convection Zone | 70% radius of sun to 100% radius of sun, here the H and He is opaque, photons are stopped and the energy is lifted to the surface due to convection |
| Corona | 1 million Kelvin, emits X-rays |
| Doppler Shift Method for Extrasolar Planet Detection | The spectral emission lines from the star are analyzed for Doppler bule and red shifting, an orbital velocity vs. time plot can be constructed |
| E= mc squared | E=energy (joules), m= mass (kg), c= speed of light (2.99 x 10^8 m/s) |
| Einstein | Showed that matter and energy are equivalent (in different forms) through e=mc squared |
| Kelvin and Helmholtz's Gravitational Contraction of Sun | Potential energy is converted to thermal energy |
| Mass of Extrasolar Planet | Mplanet from K3L solution |
| Mayor and Queloz | They detected the first planet that doesn't orbit the Sun: 51 Pegasi |
| Neutron | Neutrally charged particle |
| Nuclear Fission | Splitting a large nucleus into smaller nuclei |
| Nuclear Fusion | Combining, usually in steps, smaller nuclei to form a larger nucleus |
| Photosphere | 6,000 Kelvin, emits visible light |
| Proton-proton chain | The main reaction in all low mass stars (our Sun), consists of 3 steps, 1 and 2 happen twice, in step 1 2 protons fuse to form deuterium, and in step 2 1 proton fuses with deuterium to form He3, in step 3 He3 fuse to form He4 and kick out 2 protons |
| Protons | Positively charged particle (Hydrogen) |
| Radiation Zone | From core to 70% of Radius, both H and He are transparent, energy is transported by radiation (EM) |
| Sun's Composition | 70% hydrogen, 28% helium, 2% others |
| Sun's Density | 1,400 kg/m3 |
| Sun's temperature at the core | 10 million Kelvin |
| Basic Requirements for Life | Source of nutrients (to build living cells), source of energy, solvent (liquid water) |
| Black Hole | When the curvature is so steep that not even light can travel through this curved region |
| Charles Darwin | Theorized that the origin of species serves as a basis for the evolution of simple organisms into the varied and complex lifeforms we see today |
| Drake Equation | Estimates the number of advanced beams that we might find in our galaxy (N=Nhp x Flife x Fciv x Fnow) |
| Equivalence Principle | The only postulate of general relativity where a big house and a big rocket are the same - no test to determine where you are |
| Fossil Record | Oldest fossil on records of once living organisms is 3.5 billion years |
| Gravity Force | Binds particles with mass |
| EM Force | Binds particles with unlike electrical charge |
| Strong Force | Binds quarks with unlike color change |
| Weak Force | An interaction that allows a down quark to an up quark |
| Frank Drake | Put forth an equation (Drake Equation) that estimates the number of advanced beams that we might find in our galaxy |
| General Relativity | First published in 1915, expands on the ideas from special relativity of 1905 (4-Dim "fabric" of our universe called spacetime) |
| Helioseismology | The study of large scale surface vibrations of our Sun |
| Karl Schwarzschild | Was the first to take Einstein's GR and work out all the physics of blackholes (2 GM/c squared) |
| Life In Our Solar System | Mars, Europa, Enceladus (liquid H2O, small moon of Saturn), Titan (liquid methane) |
| Mass of Extrasolar Planet | Mass of planet from K3L solution |
| Miller-Urey Experiments | It was shown that the simple atmospheric gases methane and ammonia and water and CO2, when subjected to electrical sparks produce all the major molecules required by life |
| Neutrinos | Almost always they do not interact with the atoms in your body, trillions pass through your body every second |
| Newton's Law of Gravity | F= GMm/r2 |
| Quarks | Elementary particles and are the fundamental constituents of matter, meaning they are not made up of smaller components |
| Ray Davis Solar Neutrino Experiment | "One neutrino every 72 hours" |
| Spacetime | A four-dimensional continuum that fuses the three dimensions of space (length, width, and height) with the one dimension of time into a single, unified structure |
| Sun's Energy Source | Nuclear fusion |
| Transit Motion of Extrasolar Planet | Some of the light from the star is blocked, which allows us to find the size of the planet |
| Worldline | The trade of one of the spatial dimensions for time, every object has its own worldline |
| Wormhole | Connect two different spacetime locations |
| CM Point of Solar System | A dynamical point in space that constantly shifts its position depending on the alignment of the planets, particularly the gas giants (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) |
| CMBR (Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation) | The faint, uniform glow of microwave energy that fills all space in the observable universe. It is the oldest light we can detect and is considered the "afterglow" or relic radiation from the Big Bang |
| Electroweak Era | A period in the evolution of the early universe when the electromagnetic force and the weak nuclear force were unified into a single, combined electroweak force |
| Frost Line | Represents the minimum distance from the star where the temperature is low enough for volatile compounds (like water, methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide) to condense into solid ice grains |
| Hydrostatic Equilibrium | A state of balance where the inward force of gravity is exactly counteracted by the outward pressure force at every point within a fluid body |
| Number of Extrasolar Planets | Over 6,000 |
| Obtaining the Mass of the Sun | Cannot be measured directly but is obtained indirectly by using Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion, combined with Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation |
| Photon Scattering in the Sun | By which the enormous energy generated in the core is slowly transported to the star's surface. This constant scattering causes a single photon to take an estimated 10,000 to 170,000 years to complete its journey from the core to the surface |
| Photon | Pocket of light energy |
| Planck Era | The earliest time in the history of the universe, representing the moment immediately following the Big Bang |
| Radius of Extrasolar Planet | Is primarily obtained using the transit method, which relies on precisely measuring the amount of starlight the planet blocks as it passes in front of its host star |
| Sun's Temperature on Photosphere | 5800 K |
| Big Bang Theory | Is the leading cosmological model that describes the origin and evolution of the universe |
| Penzias and Wilson | Founded CMBR in 1965, used giant microwave antenna to detect first signal |
| Planck Era | (0 to 10^-43 seconds) energy fluctuations are so great that neither space or time exists |
| G.U.T. Era | (10^-43 to 10^-38 seconds) Grand Unified Theory, the only force, the super force breaks into the strong force and electro-weak force |
| Electroweak Era | (10^-38 to 10^-10 seconds) electroweak force breaks into EM force and weak force, elementary particles become abundant, leprons and quarks) |
| Nucleosynthesis Era | (10^-3 to 3 minutes) universe has cooled enough such that the strong force will combine up and down quarks to form protons and neutrons |
| Nuclei Era | (3 minutes to 400,000 years) protons and neutrons are now bound together via the strong force to form nuclei |
| Atoms Era | (400,000 years to 1 billion years) via the EM force, the nuclei attract electrons to form stable atoms |
| Galaxy Era | (1 billion years to today) gravity clumps atoms to form stars, planets, solar systems, black holes, galaxies |
| Big Piece of BBT | At the end of nuclei era, universe had cooled enough such that atoms were becoming stable and light was free to travel without being scattered |
| Base of Food Chain | The primary process that converts solar energy into chemical energy (sugars), making that energy available to nearly all other life forms on Earth |
| Shift in Perihelion of Mercury's Orbit | A famous astronomical problem that was completely and correctly explained by Albert Einstein's Theory of General Relativity |
| Solar Flux at Earth | The average amount of solar electromagnetic radiation received per unit area at the top of Earth's atmosphere on a plane perpendicular to the Sun's rays |
| 3 Geometrics of Curved Space | Elliptic geometry, euclidean geometry, hyperbolic geometry |
Created by:
kbreedi